Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century offers analytical introductions to the biographical and academic trajectories as well as the scholarly contributions of the most important medievalists of the 20th century, privileging the contexts in which their influential texts in modern medieval studies were articulated and their effect on subsequent approaches to the field. The volume pays tribute to the medievalists-historians, philologists, literary critics, philosophers, historians of art and science, and theologians-whose work effectively forged contemporary academics and acknowledges a debt of gratitude for the trail they blazed in the twentieth century. An introductory essay provides a comprehensive examination of the development of historiographical perspectives on medieval studies as shaped by the subjects of the volume, contextualizing the individual chapters and offering a critical reconsideration of the manifold ways in which medievalism has been inscribed. The chapters in the book develop from interdisciplinary and transversal strategies which reflect the kind of originative work enacted by both the subjects of the volume and the scholars who write about them. The contributors include renowned international medievalists and historiographers as Martin Aurell, Paul Freedman, Natalie Fryde, Alessandro Ghisalberti, Massimo Mastrogregori, Michael McVaugh, Jean-Calude Schmitt, and Martin Thurner. A concluding essay summarizes the place of the medievalists in relation to their professional identity, to the time in which they worked, and to the national spaces that marked their scholarly production. Among the medievalists studied are the leading exponents of the influential French historical school of the Annales, Marc Bloch, Jacques Le Goff and Georges Duby; representatives from the highest philosophical tradition, including Raymond Klibansky, Albert Zimmermann, and Clemens Baeumker; economic and trade historian Roberto Sabatino Lopez; historians of political thought like Ernst Kantorowicz; exponents from the classical school of legal and institutional history such as Francois Louis Ganshof and Frederic William Maitland; pioneering cultural historian Charles Homer Haskins; historians of theology and Christian philosophy Etienne Gilson and Marie-Dominique Chenu; members of the Spanish historical and philological school that include Ramon Menendez Pidal, Rafael Lapesa, and Claudio Sanchez de Albornoz and, in Catalonia, Ferran Soldevila; and finally, from lesser known but equally fascinating fields of medieval studies like the science historian Pierre Duhem and the music historian Ugo Sesini.