Janus Faced Probability
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| Author | : Paolo Rocchi |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2014-04-25 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3319048619 |
The problem of probability interpretation was long overlooked before exploding in the 20th century, when the frequentist and subjectivist schools formalized two conflicting conceptions of probability. Beyond the radical followers of the two schools, a circle of pluralist thinkers tends to reconcile the opposing concepts. The author uses two theorems in order to prove that the various interpretations of probability do come into opposition and can be used in different contexts. The goal here is to clarify the multi fold nature of probability by means of a purely mathematical approach and to show how philosophical arguments can only serve to deepen actual intellectual contrasts. The book can be considered as one of the most important contributions in the analysis of probability interpretation in the last 10-15 years.
| Author | : Donald Gillies |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 238 |
| Release | : 2012-09-10 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1134672462 |
The Twentieth Century has seen a dramatic rise in the use of probability and statistics in almost all fields of research. This has stimulated many new philosophical ideas on probability. Philosophical Theories of Probability is the first book to present a clear, comprehensive and systematic account of these various theories and to explain how they relate to one another. Gillies also offers a distinctive version of the propensity theory of probability, and the intersubjective interpretation, which develops the subjective theory.
| Author | : Donald Gillies |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2018-08-15 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1317564286 |
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required.
| Author | : Paolo Rocchi |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 2023-08-29 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 981127276X |
This book deals with two main topics. The first is a theory that aims to unify the many interpretations of probability presented in the literature. The second uses this comprehensive theory of probability to answer the questions of quantum mechanics that have long been debated. The entire book proposes original solutions that several experimental cases substantiate.
| Author | : Egan J. Chernoff |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 746 |
| Release | : 2013-12-05 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 940077155X |
This volume provides a necessary, current and extensive analysis of probabilistic thinking from a number of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and psychologists. The work of 58 contributing authors, investigating probabilistic thinking across the globe, is encapsulated in 6 prefaces, 29 chapters and 6 commentaries. Ultimately, the four main perspectives presented in this volume (Mathematics and Philosophy, Psychology, Stochastics and Mathematics Education) are designed to represent probabilistic thinking in a greater context.
| Author | : Alvin Plantinga |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 1993-05-27 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0198024053 |
In this companion volume to Warrant: The Current Debate, Alvin Plantinga develops an original approach to the question of epistemic warrant; that is what turns true belief into knowledge. He argues that what is crucial to warrant is the proper functioning of one's cognitive faculties in the right kind of cognitive environment. Although this book is in some sense a sequel to its companion volume, the arguments do not presuppose those of the first book and it stands alone as a stimulating contribution to epistemology.
| Author | : Theodore Arabatzis |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 376 |
| Release | : 2015-05-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319145533 |
This volume is put together in honor of a distinguished historian of science, Kostas Gavroglu, whose work has won international acclaim, and has been pivotal in establishing the discipline of history of science in Greece, its consolidation in other countries of the European Periphery, and the constructive dialogue of these emerging communities with an extended community of international scholars. The papers in the volume reflect Gavroglu’s broad range of intellectual interests and touch upon significant themes in recent history and philosophy of science. They include topics in the history of modern physical sciences, science and technology in the European periphery, integrated history and philosophy of science, historiographical considerations, and intersections with the history of mathematics, technology and contemporary issues. They are authored by eminent scholars whose academic and personal trajectories crossed with Gavroglu’s. The book will interest historians and philosophers of science and technology alike, as well as science studies scholars, and generally readers interested in the role of the sciences in the past in various geographical contexts.
| Author | : Ian Hacking |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 1984-06-21 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9780521318037 |
Includes an introduction, contextualizing his book in light of developing philosophical trends.
| Author | : Julia Köhn |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 203 |
| Release | : 2017-07-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3319553518 |
In this book the author develops a new approach to uncertainty in economics, which calls for a fundamental change in the methodology of economics. It provides a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of the economic theory of uncertainty and shows that uncertainty was originally conceptualized both as an epistemic and an ontological problem. As a result of the economic professions’ attempt to become acknowledged as a science, the more problematic aspect of ontological uncertainty has been neglected and the subjective probability approach to uncertainty became dominant in economic theory. A careful analysis of ontological theories of uncertainty explains the blindness of modern economics to economic phenomena such as instability, slumps or excessive booms. Based on these findings the author develops a new approach that legitimizes a New Uncertainty Paradigm in economics.
| Author | : R.H. Johnson |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 509 |
| Release | : 2002-09-11 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0080532918 |
The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.
