Italy Quantifying The Benefits Of A Comprehensive Reform Package
Download Italy Quantifying The Benefits Of A Comprehensive Reform Package full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Italy Quantifying The Benefits Of A Comprehensive Reform Package ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Michal Andrle |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 17 |
| Release | : 2018-03-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484347617 |
This paper seeks to quantify the net benefits of a comprehensive reform package aimed at addressing Italy’s inter-related challenges. Specifically, it simulates the growth and competitiveness effects of a package of fiscal, financial, wage bargaining, and other structural reforms. Credible implementation of such a package yields substantial mediumterm dividends at negligible near-term growth costs. Real GDP growth is estimated to be substantially higher over the medium term, while the real effective exchange rate depreciates notably.
| Author | : Nazim Belhocine |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 35 |
| Release | : 2020-02-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513529994 |
Italy’s labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European countries, especially in strongly regulated sectors. A model of monopolistic competition is used to identify which service sectors would benefit more from removing entry and/or exit barriers. Using Italian firm-level data, the paper finds that sectors with high markups, such as professional services, would primarily benefit from removing entry barriers. Sectors with a large mass of unproductive firms, such as retail, would instead benefit from removing exit barriers. Policy recommendations to improve efficiency are outlined in relation to the sectoral priorities identified in the data.
| Author | : Mr.Alvar Kangur |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2018-03-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484347625 |
The growth of Italian exports has lagged that of euro area peers. Against the backdrop of unit labor costs that have risen faster than those in euro area peers, this paper examines whether there is a competitiveness challenge in Italy and evaluates the framework of wage bargaining. Wages are set at the sectoral level and extended nationally. However, they do not respond well to firm-specific productivity, regional disparities, or skill mismatches. Nominally rigid wages have also implied adjustment through lower profits and employment. Wage developments explain about 45 percent of the manufacturing unit labor cost gap with Germany. In a search-and-match DSGE model of the Italian labor market, this paper finds substantial gains from moving from sectoral- to firm-level wage setting of at least 3.5 percentage points lower unemployment (or higher employment) rate and a notable improvement in Italy’s competitiveness over the medium term.
| Author | : Daniel Garcia-Macia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 22 |
| Release | : 2020-02-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513529722 |
The recovery of private investment in Italy has lagged its euro area peers over the past decade. This paper examines the role of elevated labor costs in hindering the recovery. Specifically, labor costs rose faster than labor productivity prior to the global financial crisis and have remained high since, weighing on firms’ profits, capital returns, and thus capacity to invest. Empirical analysis provides evidence for the impact of wages on investment at the sectoral and firm levels. Sectoral wage growth seems unrelated to sectoral productivity growth, but is negatively associated with investment. Firm-level data permit a better identification—by exploiting the interaction between sectoral wage growth (exogenous to the firm) and the lagged labor share of the firm. A 1 percent increase in real wages is estimated to cause a 1/3 percent fall in fixed capital. Profits absorb only 1⁄2 of the cost increase, pointing to the role of liquidity constraints. These results highlight the need for labor market reform to reinvigorate investment, and thus labor productivity and job creation.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. European Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 19 |
| Release | : 2019-02-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484397797 |
This Selected Issues paper uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) to evaluate possible reforms to modernize Italy’s social safety net as well as ways to lower the tax wedge on labor. With a social safety net centered on pensions and the elderly and an array of income support schemes as well as a heavy tax burden falling on labor income, there is significant scope to improve Italy’s system of taxes and transfers to promote growth and inclusion. The paper also simulates the cost of a modern safety net using EUROMOD. The paper also provides an overview of Italy’s personal income tax regime, simulates the cost of moving toward a flatter regime that has previously been proposed by the government coalition and discusses some key reform principles. It is concluded that Italy needs a modern social safety net and a lower tax wedge on labor as part of a growth-friendly and inclusive fiscal consolidation package.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 76 |
| Release | : 2019-06-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498318924 |
This paper uses case studies to explore the nature and extent of past IMF engagement on social spending issues and to draw lessons for future engagement.
| Author | : Mariana Colacelli |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2018-11-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484384733 |
Yes, partly. This paper studies the potential role of structural reforms in improving Japan’s outlook using the IMF’s Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) with newly-added demographic features. Implementation of a not-fully-believed path of structural reforms can significantly offset the adverse effect of Japan’s demographic headwinds — a declining and ageing population — on real GDP (by about 15 percent in the next 40 years), but would not boost inflation or contribute substantially to stabilizing public debt. Alternatively, implementation of a fully-credible structural reform program can contribute significantly to stabilizing public debt because of the resulting increase in inflation towards the Bank of Japan’s target, while achieving the same positive long-run effects on real GDP. If no reforms are implemented, severe demographic headwinds are expected to reduce Japan’s real GDP by over 25 percent in the next 40 years.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 2003-06-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264100431 |
Amongst other issues, the papers in this volume explore fundamental issues for empirical research on trade in services. It highlights the specific data requirements and conceptual challenges for modelling liberalisation of services.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 404 |
| Release | : 2001-04-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264192670 |
OECD's 2001 review of regulatory reform in Italy.
| Author | : John Y. Campbell |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 509 |
| Release | : 2009-02-15 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0226092569 |
Our current social security system operates on a pay-as-you-go basis; benefits are paid almost entirely out of current revenues. As the ratio of retirees to taxpayers increases, concern about the high costs of providing benefits in a pay-as-you-go system has led economists to explore other options. One involves "prefunding," in which a person's withholdings are invested in financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, the eventual returns from which would fund his or her retirement. The risks such a system would introduce—such as the volatility in the market prices of investment assets—are the focus of this offering from the NBER. Exploring the issues involved in measuring risk and developing models to reflect the risks of various investment-based systems, economists evaluate the magnitude of the risks that both retirees and taxpayers would assume. The insights that emerge show that the risk is actually moderate relative to the improved return, as well as being balanced by the ability of an investment-based system to adapt to differences in individual preferences and conditions.
