Employing Commercial Satellite Communications

Employing Commercial Satellite Communications
Author: Tim Bonds
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2000
Genre: Computers
ISBN:

This report assesses military use of commercial wideband satellites by evaluating their effectiveness across several characteristics defined by the United States Space Command. The cost of buying or leasing commercial systems is then found and compared with the cost of buying military systems with commercial characteristics.

The Final Frontier

The Final Frontier
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 76
Release: 2018-11-22
Genre:
ISBN: 9781790219773

It is a long-held belief the news media will go to almost any length to get a story. Television reporters have waded into the middle of civil-war firefights to show viewers and readers human suffering up close, used hidden-camera tricks to flush out stories on consumer fraud, and even laid down their lives to expose human-rights atrocities by international governments. Over the last 10 years, in the midst of a telecommunications revolution, the media can now gather and report stories in ways that once seemed impossible.The purpose of this research paper is to explore how the mass media uses satellite imaging to gather information during wartime and determine what impact this technology has had, and will have, on advancing the art of news telling during armed conflict. Does satellite imagery impact the U.S. military's ability to effectively wage war in Afghanistan and Iraq? What challenges does this technology present for future military conflicts?Because satellite imaging has only been commercially viable for the last 30 years, the news media is still trying to fully understand the utility of this imprecise science. With improvements in satellite imaging occurring at a lightning-quick pace, the media, the military and the U.S. government are trying to understand how this technology might affect media coverage during wartime. These issues and dilemmas are addressed in this paper.The paper is divided into four sections: (1) a technical primer for a broader understanding of exactly how these extraterrestrial cameras photograph and transmit images back to the earth's surface, as well as the history of satellite imaging; (2) the media's use of satellite images during recent U.S. armed conflicts, specifically Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom; (3) legal and regulatory issues facing both the media and the satellite-imaging industry in regards to the use of this technology during wartime, specifically the issue of the U.S. government's imposition of prior restraint; and (4) the ethical issues and responsibilities facing the media regarding the violation of national security, as well as the future of satellite imagery. The author's research involved a descriptive, qualitative methodology, using primarily documentation out of space-industry journals, books, newspaper and magazine articles, and speech transcripts from noted media and space experts.

Military Space Systems

Military Space Systems
Author: United States. Government Accountability Office
Publisher:
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2018
Genre: Artificial satellites
ISBN:

Military Satellites

Military Satellites
Author: Abel Chirila
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010-03-24
Genre: Artificial satellites
ISBN: 9781607412380

This book explores the United States reliance on space operations for its security. Identifying vulnerabilities will allow us to apply our full range of capabilities to ensure space superiority and continued support to joint military operations across the spectrum of conflict. Space superiority is as much about protecting our space assets as it is about preparing to counter an enemy's space or anti-space assets. Space-based technologies and services permit people to communicate, companies to do business, civic groups to serve the public and scientists to conduct research. Thus, the United States is very reliant on satellites and will likely continue to be for many years to come. Today, small nations, groups, and individuals can acquire ground target data from commercial imagery sources, navigation and weather data from government-owned satellites and state of the art command and control capabilities through commercial communications satellites. These functions are also discussed in this book.

An Analysis of Military Use of Commercial Satellite Communications

An Analysis of Military Use of Commercial Satellite Communications
Author: Benjamin D. Forest
Publisher:
Total Pages: 69
Release: 2008
Genre: Artificial satellites in telecommunication
ISBN:

Since the Gulf War of 1991, United States military satellite communication (SATCOM) bandwidth demand has increased dramatically, as evidenced by recent usage rates in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Department of Defense (DOD) has increasingly relied on commercial vendors to meet this demand. With an open-ended Global War on Terror and heavy reliance on bandwidth-intensive operations (such as unmanned aerial vehicle feeds), the demand is projected to continue increasing at huge levels. It is unlikely that reliance on commercial SATCOM will decrease, despite numerous planned military SATCOM assets launching over the next ten years. While commercial SATCOM is essential to most military operations and provides many advantages, its pervasive use also raises concerns related to security, cost, and survivability. This thesis analyzes the balance between Cod use of commercial SATCOM versus military SATCOM. It surveys historical and current military usage of Cod and commercial SATCOM, evaluates current predictions for military use of commercial SATCOM, and describes measures of effectiveness that can be used to evaluate the various SATCOM options. In culmination, this thesis defines what constitutes an appropriate balance of military and commercial SATCOM usage using cost, technical, and policy compliance measures of effectiveness. The measures of effectiveness lead to a recommendation of a more deliberate, less ad hoc use of commercial SATCOM for the vast majority of military SATCOM needs.

The Advantages of Commercial Satellites Versus Military Satellites

The Advantages of Commercial Satellites Versus Military Satellites
Author: Thomas J. Heller
Publisher:
Total Pages: 12
Release: 2009
Genre: Artificial satellites
ISBN:

The ever-increasing demand for satellite communications has put a severe strain on the United States military over the past few years, necessitating the Department of Defense (DoD) to lease commercial satellite time in order to meet the U.S. military's increased requirement. During Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the military used 140 bits per second (bps) of satellite bandwidth per deployed person. That amount jumped to nearly 3,000 bps during Operation Noble Anvil, the U.S. component of NATO's Operation Allied Force in Kosovo in 1999. Bandwidth usage jumped again during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, with bandwidth reaching 8,300 bps per deployed person during the operation, which began in 2001. By the launch of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2004, the level escalated to 13,800 bps per person, an increase of 9,700 percent throughout the 13-year period. Many U.S. senior military officials are demanding that new U.S. military satellites be developed and launched into orbit in order to meet these high demands. However, the U.S. military should continue to use commercial satellites because of their relatively low cost, availability, and efficiency.

Commercial and Military Uses of Outer Space

Commercial and Military Uses of Outer Space
Author: Melissa de Zwart
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2021-02-25
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9811589240

This edited book brings together a diverse range of chapters on space related topics. The authors included in this book are drawn from Australia and overseas, from academia, government, industry, civil society and the military. This book contains chapters that cover topics such as law, science, archaeology, defence, policy, and more, all with a focus on space. This edited collection is a timely international and interdisciplinary book, which addresses some of the contemporary issues facing activities in space and those attempting to understand, use and regulate the space domain. This edited book seeks to normalise the role of women as experts in the space sector, by not calling attention to the fact that all the authors are women – they are all experts in their respective fields who just happen to be women. Bringing together these contributions in this book in turn promotes the inclusion of diversity in the space sector. This edited collection is an opportunity to influence the development of the space industry – in terms of gender diversity, and diversity of disciplines and thinking – while it is in its formative stage, rather than trying to redress imbalances once they are entrenched in the industry.