Issues In Central Bank Finance And Independence
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Author | : Åke Lönnberg |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 48 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Conventional economic policy models focus only on selected elements of the central bank balance sheet, in particular monetary liabilities and sometimes foreign reserves. The canonical model of an "independent" central bank assumes that it chooses money (or an interest rate), unconstrained by a need to generate seignorage for itself or government. While a long line of literature has emphasized the dangers of fiscal dominance influencing the conduct of monetary policy the idea that an independent central bank could be constrained in achieving its policy objectives by its own balance sheet situation is a relatively novel idea considered in this paper. If one accepts this potential constraint as a valid concern, the financial strength of the central bank as a stand alone entity becomes highly relevant for ascertaining monetary policy credibility. We consider several strands of evidence that clearly indicate fiscal backing for central banks cannot be assumed and hence financial independence is relevant to operational independence. First we examine 135 central bank laws to illustrate the variety of legal approaches adopted with respect to central bank financial independence. Second, we examine the same data set with regard to central bank recapitalization provisions to show that even in cases where the treasury is nominally responsible for maintaining the central bank financially strong, it may do so in purely a cosmetic fashion. Third, we show that, in actual practice, treasuries have frequently not provided central banks with genuine financial support on a timely basis leaving them excessively reliant on seignorage to finance their operations and/or forcing them to abandon policy objectives.
Author | : Ake Lonnberg |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Conventional economic policy models focus only on selected elements of the central bank balance sheet, in particular monetary liabilities and sometimes foreign reserves. The canonical model of an quot;independentquot; central bank assumes that it chooses money (or an interest rate), unconstrained by a need to generate seignorage for itself or government. While a long line of literature has emphasized the dangers of fiscal dominance influencing the conduct of monetary policy the idea that an independent central bank could be constrained in achieving its policy objectives by its own balance sheet situation is a relatively novel idea considered in this paper. If one accepts this potential constraint as a valid concern, the financial strength of the central bank as a stand alone entity becomes highly relevant for ascertaining monetary policy credibility. We consider several strands of evidence that clearly indicate fiscal backing for central banks cannot be assumed and hence financial independence is relevant to operational independence. First we examine 135 central bank laws to illustrate the variety of legal approaches adopted with respect to central bank financial independence. Second, we examine the same data set with regard to central bank recapitalization provisions to show that even in cases where the treasury is nominally responsible for maintaining the central bank financially strong, it may do so in purely a cosmetic fashion. Third, we show that, in actual practice, treasuries have frequently not provided central banks with genuine financial support on a timely basis leaving them excessively reliant on seignorage to finance their operations and/or forcing them to abandon policy objectives.
Author | : Paul Tucker |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 662 |
Release | : 2019-09-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0691196303 |
Tucker presents guiding principles for ensuring that central bankers and other unelected policymakers remain stewards of the common good.
Author | : Mr.Peter Stella |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1997-07-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451850506 |
Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 59 |
Release | : 1991-06-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451966423 |
There has been growing interest recently in the scope for promoting monetary stability through the establishment of independent central banks. This paper reviews the issues involved in central bank independence against the background of arrangements in nine countries. The analysis suggests that detailed institutional arrangements would need to be carefully designed if the potential benefits of central bank independence are to be delivered. Particularly important are the nature of arrangements to resolve various types of conflicts involving monetary policy, and arrangements to promote accountability and public monitoring of monetary policy performance.
Author | : Christopher Adolph |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 389 |
Release | : 2013-04-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 110703261X |
Adolph illustrates the policy differences between central banks run by former bankers relative to those run by bureaucrats.
Author | : David Archer |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 90 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789291979318 |
Author | : Pierre L. Siklos |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2013-08-22 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781107616493 |
Changes in the field of central banking over the past two decades have been nothing short of dramatic. Moreover, they have spanned the globe. They include the importance of central bank autonomy, the desirability of low and stable inflation, and the vital role played by how central banks communicate their views and intentions to the markets and the public more generally. There remains considerable diversity nevertheless in the institutional framework affecting central banks, the manner in which the stance of monetary policy is determined and assessed, and the forces that dictate the conduct of monetary policy more generally. The global financial crisis, which began in the United States in 2007, only serves to highlight further the importance of central bank policies. The aim of this volume is to take stock of where we are in the realm of the practice of central banking and considers some of the implications arising from the ongoing crisis.
Author | : A. Chandavarkar |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 1996-10-31 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0230371507 |
This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey which analyzes institutions, policies and issues of central banking in developing countries including interest-free Islamic and transition economies. It discusses objectives and functions; monetary, exchange, supervisory and developmental roles; financial liberalization; informal finance; causes and implications of central bank losses. It critically evaluates currency boards, central bank independence, ceilings on government credit and suggests radical organizational reforms, divestiture of quasi-fiscal activities and partial privatization of central banks.
Author | : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : Banks and Banking |
ISBN | : 9780894991967 |
Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.