This book explores the background of the NRA, the most important economic measure of the first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. It also is the history of the business community's efforts during the 1920s and '30s to emasculate the federal policy of maintaining a competitive enterprise system. A major contribution of this book is its re-evaluation of antitrust and trade association policies during the Republican era of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover.