Introduction to Algorithms and Machine Learning: from Sorting to Strategic Agents

Introduction to Algorithms and Machine Learning: from Sorting to Strategic Agents
Author: Justin Skycak
Publisher: Justin Skycak
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2023-05-08
Genre: Computers
ISBN:

This book was written to support Eurisko, an advanced math and computer science elective course sequence within the Math Academy program at Pasadena High School. During its operation from 2020 to 2023, Eurisko was the most advanced high school math/CS sequence in the USA. It culminated in high school students doing masters/PhD-level coursework (reproducing academic research papers in artificial intelligence, building everything from scratch in Python). CONTENTS 1. HELLO WORLD - Some Short Introductory Coding Exercises; Converting Between Binary, Decimal, and Hexadecimal; Recursive Sequences; Simulating Coin Flips; Roulette Wheel Selection; Cartesian Product. 2. SEARCHING AND SORTING - Brute Force Search with Linear-Encoding Cryptography; Solving Magic Squares via Backtracking; Estimating Roots via Bisection Search and Newton-Raphson Method; Single-Variable Gradient Descent; Multivariable Gradient Descent; Selection, Bubble, Insertion, and Counting Sort; Merge Sort and Quicksort. 3. OBJECTS - Basic Matrix Arithmetic; Reduced Row Echelon Form and Applications to Matrix Arithmetic; K-Means Clustering; Tic-Tac-Toe and Connect Four; Euler Estimation; SIR Model for the Spread of Disease; Hodgkin-Huxley Model of Action Potentials in Neurons; Hash Tables; Simplex Method. 4. REGRESSION AND CLASSIFICATION - Linear, Polynomial, and Multiple Linear Regression via Pseudoinverse; Regressing a Linear Combination of Nonlinear Functions via Pseudoinverse; Power, Exponential, and Logistic Regression via Pseudoinverse; Overfitting, Underfitting, Cross-Validation, and the Bias-Variance Tradeoff; Regression via Gradient Descent; Multiple Regression and Interaction Terms; K-Nearest Neighbors; Naive Bayes. 5. GRAPHS - Breadth-First and Depth-First Traversals; Distance and Shortest Paths in Unweighted Graphs; Dijkstra's Algorithm for Distance and Shortest Paths in Weighted Graphs; Decision Trees; Introduction to Neural Network Regressors; Backpropagation. 6. GAMES - Canonical and Reduced Game Trees for Tic-Tac-Toe; Minimax Strategy; Reduced Search Depth and Heuristic Evaluation for Connect Four; Introduction to Blondie24 and Neuroevolution; Reimplementing Fogel's Tic-Tac-Toe Paper; Reimplementing Blondie24; Reimplementing Blondie24: Convolutional Version.

Reinforcement Learning, second edition

Reinforcement Learning, second edition
Author: Richard S. Sutton
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 549
Release: 2018-11-13
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262352702

The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.

MACHINE LEARNING: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES

MACHINE LEARNING: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES
Author:
Publisher: Xoffencerpublication
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2023-07-04
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 8196401833

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science known as machine learning is focused on the use of data and algorithms to simulate the method in which people learn, with the goal of continuously improving the accuracy of the simulation. Machine learning has a long and illustrious history at IBM. As a result of Arthur Samuel's study (PDF, 481 KB) (link lives outside of IBM) revolving around the game of checkers, the phrase "machine learning" is often regarded as having been first used by a member of IBM's staff. Robert Nealey, who fancied himself the world's best player at checkers, challenged an IBM 7094 computer to a match in 1962 and was defeated by the machine. This accomplishment may appear little when weighed against what is now possible, yet it is recognized as a significant turning point in the development of artificial intelligence. In the past few of decades, technical advancements in storage and processing capacity have made it possible for a number of novel products based on machine learning to become available. Some examples of these products are the recommendation engine used by Netflix and autonomous vehicles. The rapidly developing discipline of data science has an essential subfield known as machine learning. Data mining initiatives involve the training of algorithms to create classifications or predictions, as well as the discovery of critical insights, through the utilization of statistical methodologies. The subsequent decisions made inside applications and enterprises are influenced by these insights, which should ideally have an effect on key growth indicators. It is expected that there will be a greater need for data scientists in the industry as big data continues to develop and flourish. They will be expected to assist in determining the business questions that are the most pertinent, as well as the data necessary to answer those questions. Frameworks that speed up the construction of solutions are usually used while developing machine learning algorithms. Some examples of such frameworks are TensorFlow and PyTorch

An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling

An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling
Author: Uri Wilensky
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 505
Release: 2015-04-03
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262731894

A comprehensive and hands-on introduction to the core concepts, methods, and applications of agent-based modeling, including detailed NetLogo examples. The advent of widespread fast computing has enabled us to work on more complex problems and to build and analyze more complex models. This book provides an introduction to one of the primary methodologies for research in this new field of knowledge. Agent-based modeling (ABM) offers a new way of doing science: by conducting computer-based experiments. ABM is applicable to complex systems embedded in natural, social, and engineered contexts, across domains that range from engineering to ecology. An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling offers a comprehensive description of the core concepts, methods, and applications of ABM. Its hands-on approach—with hundreds of examples and exercises using NetLogo—enables readers to begin constructing models immediately, regardless of experience or discipline. The book first describes the nature and rationale of agent-based modeling, then presents the methodology for designing and building ABMs, and finally discusses how to utilize ABMs to answer complex questions. Features in each chapter include step-by-step guides to developing models in the main text; text boxes with additional information and concepts; end-of-chapter explorations; and references and lists of relevant reading. There is also an accompanying website with all the models and code.

Introduction to Algorithms, third edition

Introduction to Algorithms, third edition
Author: Thomas H. Cormen
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 1313
Release: 2009-07-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262258102

The latest edition of the essential text and professional reference, with substantial new material on such topics as vEB trees, multithreaded algorithms, dynamic programming, and edge-based flow. Some books on algorithms are rigorous but incomplete; others cover masses of material but lack rigor. Introduction to Algorithms uniquely combines rigor and comprehensiveness. The book covers a broad range of algorithms in depth, yet makes their design and analysis accessible to all levels of readers. Each chapter is relatively self-contained and can be used as a unit of study. The algorithms are described in English and in a pseudocode designed to be readable by anyone who has done a little programming. The explanations have been kept elementary without sacrificing depth of coverage or mathematical rigor. The first edition became a widely used text in universities worldwide as well as the standard reference for professionals. The second edition featured new chapters on the role of algorithms, probabilistic analysis and randomized algorithms, and linear programming. The third edition has been revised and updated throughout. It includes two completely new chapters, on van Emde Boas trees and multithreaded algorithms, substantial additions to the chapter on recurrence (now called “Divide-and-Conquer”), and an appendix on matrices. It features improved treatment of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms and a new notion of edge-based flow in the material on flow networks. Many exercises and problems have been added for this edition. The international paperback edition is no longer available; the hardcover is available worldwide.

Justin Math: Algebra

Justin Math: Algebra
Author: Justin Skycak
Publisher: Justin Skycak
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2018-11-26
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1730993044

Justin Math: Algebra is the first book in a series that covers the foundations of high school and college math: Algebra, Calculus, and Linear Algebra (with Differential Equations baked into the latter two). It provides deep intuition for the core concepts and connections, along with plenty of practice exercises, while remaining as concise as possible. CONTENTS 1. LINEAR EQUATIONS AND SYSTEMS - Solving Linear Equations, Slope-Intercept Form, Point-Slope Form, Standard Form, Linear Systems. 2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS - Standard Form, Factoring, Quadratic Formula, Completing the Square, Vertex Form, Quadratic Systems. 3. INEQUALITIES - Linear Inequalities in the Number Line, Linear Inequalities in the Plane, Quadratic Inequalities, Systems of Inequalities. 4. POLYNOMIALS - Standard Form and End Behavior, Zeros, Rational Roots and Synthetic Division, Sketching Graphs. 5. RATIONAL FUNCTIONS - Polynomial Long Division, Horizontal Asymptotes, Vertical Asymptotes, Graphing with Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes, Graphing with Slant and Polynomial Asymptotes. 6. NON-POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS - Radical Functions, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Absolute Value, Trigonometric Functions, Piecewise Functions. 7. TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONS - Shifts, Rescalings, Reflections, Inverse Functions, Compositions.

Hands-On Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading

Hands-On Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading
Author: Stefan Jansen
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Total Pages: 668
Release: 2018-12-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1789342716

Explore effective trading strategies in real-world markets using NumPy, spaCy, pandas, scikit-learn, and Keras Key FeaturesImplement machine learning algorithms to build, train, and validate algorithmic modelsCreate your own algorithmic design process to apply probabilistic machine learning approaches to trading decisionsDevelop neural networks for algorithmic trading to perform time series forecasting and smart analyticsBook Description The explosive growth of digital data has boosted the demand for expertise in trading strategies that use machine learning (ML). This book enables you to use a broad range of supervised and unsupervised algorithms to extract signals from a wide variety of data sources and create powerful investment strategies. This book shows how to access market, fundamental, and alternative data via API or web scraping and offers a framework to evaluate alternative data. You'll practice the ML workflow from model design, loss metric definition, and parameter tuning to performance evaluation in a time series context. You will understand ML algorithms such as Bayesian and ensemble methods and manifold learning, and will know how to train and tune these models using pandas, statsmodels, sklearn, PyMC3, xgboost, lightgbm, and catboost. This book also teaches you how to extract features from text data using spaCy, classify news and assign sentiment scores, and to use gensim to model topics and learn word embeddings from financial reports. You will also build and evaluate neural networks, including RNNs and CNNs, using Keras and PyTorch to exploit unstructured data for sophisticated strategies. Finally, you will apply transfer learning to satellite images to predict economic activity and use reinforcement learning to build agents that learn to trade in the OpenAI Gym. What you will learnImplement machine learning techniques to solve investment and trading problemsLeverage market, fundamental, and alternative data to research alpha factorsDesign and fine-tune supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning modelsOptimize portfolio risk and performance using pandas, NumPy, and scikit-learnIntegrate machine learning models into a live trading strategy on QuantopianEvaluate strategies using reliable backtesting methodologies for time seriesDesign and evaluate deep neural networks using Keras, PyTorch, and TensorFlowWork with reinforcement learning for trading strategies in the OpenAI GymWho this book is for Hands-On Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading is for data analysts, data scientists, and Python developers, as well as investment analysts and portfolio managers working within the finance and investment industry. If you want to perform efficient algorithmic trading by developing smart investigating strategies using machine learning algorithms, this is the book for you. Some understanding of Python and machine learning techniques is mandatory.

Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory

Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory
Author: Tim Roughgarden
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2016-08-30
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1316781178

Computer science and economics have engaged in a lively interaction over the past fifteen years, resulting in the new field of algorithmic game theory. Many problems that are central to modern computer science, ranging from resource allocation in large networks to online advertising, involve interactions between multiple self-interested parties. Economics and game theory offer a host of useful models and definitions to reason about such problems. The flow of ideas also travels in the other direction, and concepts from computer science are increasingly important in economics. This book grew out of the author's Stanford University course on algorithmic game theory, and aims to give students and other newcomers a quick and accessible introduction to many of the most important concepts in the field. The book also includes case studies on online advertising, wireless spectrum auctions, kidney exchange, and network management.

ADVANCED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

ADVANCED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Author: Mr. Rajesh Sen
Publisher: Xoffencerpublication
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2024-04-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 8119534751

The field of artificial intelligence has reached a greater degree of complexity with the introduction of advanced machine learning algorithms. When compared to more conventional approaches, these algorithms are more exhaustive in their examination of data analysis, pattern detection, and decision-making procedures. This is an overview that serves as an introduction. Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning in which artificial neural networks, which are modelled after the structure and function of the human brain, are taught to discover new information by analyzing huge volumes of data. For example, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image recognition and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for sequential data analysis are examples of deep learning models that have achieved great success in a variety of disciplines, including computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Through the process of reinforcement learning, agents are taught to make sequences of decisions within an environment in order to maximize the accumulation of overall rewards. Reinforcement learning agents learn by trial and error, getting feedback in the form of incentives or penalties. This is in contrast to supervised learning, which offers the model data that has been labelled. The use of this strategy has shown to be effective in a variety of domains, including robotics, autonomous vehicle control, and game playing (for example, AlphaGo). Deep learning models that fall into the GAN category were first presented by Ian Good fellow in the year 2014. Generalized adversarial networks (GANs) are made up of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—that are trained concurrently in a competitive environment. It is the discriminator's job to learn how to distinguish between genuine and false data, while the generator is responsible for learning how to make synthetic data samples that are similar to actual data. Application areas for GANs include the production of images, the enhancement of data, and the transfer of styles. This particular sort of deep learning model, known as transformers, has been increasingly popular in the field of natural language processing (NLP) initiatives. Transformers, in contrast to more conventional sequence models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and long short-term

Introduction to Algorithms, fourth edition

Introduction to Algorithms, fourth edition
Author: Thomas H. Cormen
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 1313
Release: 2022-04-05
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 026204630X

A comprehensive update of the leading algorithms text, with new material on matchings in bipartite graphs, online algorithms, machine learning, and other topics. Some books on algorithms are rigorous but incomplete; others cover masses of material but lack rigor. Introduction to Algorithms uniquely combines rigor and comprehensiveness. It covers a broad range of algorithms in depth, yet makes their design and analysis accessible to all levels of readers, with self-contained chapters and algorithms in pseudocode. Since the publication of the first edition, Introduction to Algorithms has become the leading algorithms text in universities worldwide as well as the standard reference for professionals. This fourth edition has been updated throughout. New for the fourth edition New chapters on matchings in bipartite graphs, online algorithms, and machine learning New material on topics including solving recurrence equations, hash tables, potential functions, and suffix arrays 140 new exercises and 22 new problems Reader feedback–informed improvements to old problems Clearer, more personal, and gender-neutral writing style Color added to improve visual presentation Notes, bibliography, and index updated to reflect developments in the field Website with new supplementary material Warning: Avoid counterfeit copies of Introduction to Algorithms by buying only from reputable retailers. Counterfeit and pirated copies are incomplete and contain errors.