Bentham's an Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

Bentham's an Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
Author: Steven Sverdlik
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2023-02-14
Genre: History
ISBN: 0190089903

Bentham's Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation is a foundational work of the utilitarian tradition in moral and political philosophy. In this comprehensive guide for philosophy students, Steven Sverdlik discusses the entire Introduction, highlighting its central claims and their relations to contemporary debates in areas such as moral and legal philosophy. The Guide emphasizes Bentham's original goal of introducing a utilitarian penal code. Sverdlik considers the chapters of Bentham's text sequentially, explaining and connecting the work's main themes. These are Bentham's fundamental moral assumptions--the principle of utility and his hedonistic theory of intrinsic value--on the one hand, and, on the other, his psychological theories about pleasure and pain, human motivation, decision-making, and action. Sverdlik explains the abstract psychological framework Bentham develops and how he applies it in the context of penal or criminal law. Bentham's psychological and moral theories form the groundwork of his treatment of the deterrence of potential offenders, the punishment of convicted offenders, and the criminalization of various types of behavior. By restating Bentham's thinking about these topics in contemporary philosophical terms, Sverdlik allows readers to see how it relates to current ideas about the proper goals of criminal justice systems.

Contemporary Bioethics

Contemporary Bioethics
Author: Mohammed Ali Al-Bar
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2015-05-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319184288

This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.

First Things

First Things
Author: Hadley Arkes
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 444
Release: 2020-06-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0691213895

This book restores to us an understanding that was once settled in the "moral sciences": that there are propositions, in morals and law, which are not only true but which cannot be otherwise. It was understood in the past that, in morals or in mathematics, our knowledge begins with certain axioms that must hold true of necessity; that the principles drawn from these axioms hold true universally, unaffected by variations in local "cultures"; and that the presence of these axioms makes it possible to have, in the domain of morals, some right answers. Hadley Arkes restates the grounds of that older understanding and unfolds its implications for the most vexing political problems of our day. The author turns first to the classic debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. After establishing the groundwork and properties of moral propositions, he traces their application in such issues as selective conscientious objection, justifications for war, the war in Vietnam, a nation's obligation to intervene abroad, the notion of supererogatory acts, the claims of "privacy," and the problem of abortion.

Made to Stick

Made to Stick
Author: Chip Heath
Publisher: Random House
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2007-01-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1588365964

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The instant classic about why some ideas thrive, why others die, and how to make your ideas stick. “Anyone interested in influencing others—to buy, to vote, to learn, to diet, to give to charity or to start a revolution—can learn from this book.”—The Washington Post Mark Twain once observed, “A lie can get halfway around the world before the truth can even get its boots on.” His observation rings true: Urban legends, conspiracy theories, and bogus news stories circulate effortlessly. Meanwhile, people with important ideas—entrepreneurs, teachers, politicians, and journalists—struggle to make them “stick.” In Made to Stick, Chip and Dan Heath reveal the anatomy of ideas that stick and explain ways to make ideas stickier, such as applying the human scale principle, using the Velcro Theory of Memory, and creating curiosity gaps. Along the way, we discover that sticky messages of all kinds—from the infamous “kidney theft ring” hoax to a coach’s lessons on sportsmanship to a vision for a new product at Sony—draw their power from the same six traits. Made to Stick will transform the way you communicate. It’s a fast-paced tour of success stories (and failures): the Nobel Prize-winning scientist who drank a glass of bacteria to prove a point about stomach ulcers; the charities who make use of the Mother Teresa Effect; the elementary-school teacher whose simulation actually prevented racial prejudice. Provocative, eye-opening, and often surprisingly funny, Made to Stick shows us the vital principles of winning ideas—and tells us how we can apply these rules to making our own messages stick.

Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals

Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Author: Immanuel Kant
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2023-09-11
Genre: Fiction
ISBN: 3387044550

Reproduction of the original. The publishing house Megali specialises in reproducing historical works in large print to make reading easier for people with impaired vision.

Laws of UX

Laws of UX
Author: Jon Yablonski
Publisher: O'Reilly Media
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2020-04-21
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 149205528X

An understanding of psychology—specifically the psychology behind how users behave and interact with digital interfaces—is perhaps the single most valuable nondesign skill a designer can have. The most elegant design can fail if it forces users to conform to the design rather than working within the "blueprint" of how humans perceive and process the world around them. This practical guide explains how you can apply key principles in psychology to build products and experiences that are more intuitive and human-centered. Author Jon Yablonski deconstructs familiar apps and experiences to provide clear examples of how UX designers can build experiences that adapt to how users perceive and process digital interfaces. You’ll learn: How aesthetically pleasing design creates positive responses The principles from psychology most useful for designers How these psychology principles relate to UX heuristics Predictive models including Fitts’s law, Jakob’s law, and Hick’s law Ethical implications of using psychology in design A framework for applying these principles