Intelligence Successes and Failures in Operations Desert Shield/Storm. Report of the Oversight and Investigations SubCommittee of the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session

Intelligence Successes and Failures in Operations Desert Shield/Storm. Report of the Oversight and Investigations SubCommittee of the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session
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Total Pages: 0
Release: 1993
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Professionals commonly divide intelligence into three broad categories-collection, distribution and analysis. Using those divisions, one can draw some broad overall conclusions: Intelligence collection in Operation Desert Storm was generally very good and deserving of praise, although there were some major problems. Intelligence distribution within the theater was very poor from the standpoint of many Air Force units. Intelligence analysis was mixed. On the most prominent analytical challenge of Operation Desert Storm the count of dead Iraqi tanks, APCs and artillery pieces the intelligence community had no generally accepted doctrine or methodology. The resulting problems of assessing battlefield damage revealed the true intelligence failure of Operation Desert Storm. This report looks separately at intelligence collection, distribution and analysis, focusin on the core successes and failures in each of those categories. is report is the intelligence supplement to Defense for a New Era: Lessons of the Persian Gulf War, released in April 1992 by the House Armed Services Committee.

21st Century U.S. Military Documents

21st Century U.S. Military Documents
Author: Department of Defense
Publisher:
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2017-08-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9781549604010
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This is a comprehensive history of Army intelligence from George Washington (America's First Spymaster) through the Civil War, World War I and II, and Desert Storm, with over 700 pages of exciting coverage. The dedication reads: "MI soldiers have been the harbingers of the Age of Information throughout the 20th century. They have recognized early, spurred on by the urgency of military contingencies, that information is the lifeblood of military operations and they sought to devise more and better ways to collect and disseminate intelligence. Since the days of the Revolutionary War when George Washington, starved for information about his enemy's intentions, ordered spies to send reports to him exclusively by express courier, intelligence-minded officers in the U.S. Army have inventively ushered in the Age of Information. Thaddeus S. C. Lowe unspooled a telegraph wire from the basket of his balloon in 1861 so that he could pass along his observations instantaneously. Benjamin Foulois, suspended in his Army Aeroplane No. 1 from the ceiling of a Chicago Exposition hall, sent the first wireless message to the ground below in 1910. In the DESERT STORM operations of 1991, TV pictures of battle damage were viewed by millions of Americans hours after the air strikes had taken place. From Valley Forge to the Basra Valley, from lanterns in church bell towers to TROJAN SPIRIT, the intelligence-minded have relied upon their resourcefulness to send out their early warnings. They are the cognoscenti of the Information Age. As we turn the corner into the 21st century, their day has come." Contents include: George Washington: America's First Spymaster; Army Intelligence at Yorktown: Catalyst to Victory; Deserter in Ranks The Civil War; Military Intelligence Sources During American Civil War; Confederate Espionage, Indian Wars; The Apache Campaign Under General Crook. Military Information Division: Origin of Intelligence Division; Spanish-American War; Intelligence in Peace: A Historical Example: Military Information Division (MID) in Cuba, 1906-1909; World War I Era; United States Army Intelligence School, France, 1918; Army Counterintelligence in CONUS - World War I Experience; MID and German Spy in Arizona; Army COMSEC; Aerial Reconnaissance-Its Beginning; Invasion of the Ether: Radio Intelligence at Battle of St. Mihiel; Brief History of Signal Intelligence Service. World War II Era - Pearl Harbor; Army Signals Intelligence; Enigma Cipher Machine; Assignment with Third United States Army, Special Research History; Auschwitz - Birkenau; Eisenhower and Intelligence; Intelligence in the Philippines; Battle of the Bulge: The Secret Offensive; Big Business: Intelligence in Patton's Third Army; Heroic Stand of an Intelligence Platoon: A Symbol of the Combat Ability of MI Soldiers. Disaster Along the Ch'ongch'on: Intelligence Breakdown in Korea; Spot Report: Intelligence, Vietnam; PERSHING II: Success Amid Chaos; Which Way for Tactical Intelligence After Vietnam; Lessons Learned; Operation URGENT FURY: The 525th MI Group Perspective; JUST CAUSE: Intelligence Support to Special Operations Aviation Operation; Divisional MI Battalion, Nonlinear Battlefield, and AirLand Operations. DESERT STORM: A Third U.S. Army Perspective; A Division G-2's Perspective of Operation DESERT STORM; Successes and Failures; Joint STARS Goes to War; Deep Attack: A Military Intelligence Task Force in DESERT STORM * XVIII Airborne Corps Desert Deception * Battlefield TECHINT: Support of Operations DESERT SHIELD STORM History of American Military Intelligence: Selected Literature; UAVs-Where We Have Been; History of Security Monitoring; Moveable Beast: The Travels of the MI Sphinx; Uncertain Oracle: Intelligence Failures Revisited; History of U.S. Army Military Intelligence Training; Heraldry. This is a privately authored news service and educational publication of Progressive Management.

The Imperfect Storm

The Imperfect Storm
Author: Angelina M. Maguinness
Publisher:
Total Pages: 113
Release: 2014
Genre: Command and control systems
ISBN:
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"This thesis explores intelligence-operations integration in the planning and execution of the Gulf War air campaign. Ultimately, the problems between intelligence and operations experience can be attributed to an unhealthy command climate; ineffective communication; and excessive compartmentalization. The Air Force achieved success in the Gulf War in spite of significant intelligence-operations process deficiencies -- deficiencies that in a different conflict, time, place, and context might result not in major success, but in overwhelming failure. These problems first revealed in Washington with the Air Staff planning conducted by Checkmate, and later in Riyadh with the Black Hole, had an inordinate influence on subsequent problems building a cogent intelligence-operations team. These problems led to the inability of intelligence and operations planners to create a seamless intelligence-operations planning team, despite organizational changes meant to better integrate the two functional areas. As the Airmen kicked off the DESERT STORM strategic air campaign, the problems of command climate, communication, and compartmentalization endured and transitioned from planning to execution. Identifying these process deficiencies is important due to the invariable aura of infallibility ascribed to the Gulf War air campaign due to a successful outcome attributed to unprecedented airpower decisiveness. In future wars, the Air Force may not be able to overcome process problems through overwhelming force, favorable terrain and weather, and enemy incompetence as it did during the Gulf War. In personnel and resource constrained environments, the Air Force may not have the mass and depth necessary. Therefore, it is essential to get the process correct to make successful outcomes easier to attain. This includes ensuring healthy command climates, effective communication, and minimal compartmentalization to enable better intelligence-operations integration. "--Abstract.

Analysis of Intelligence Support to the 1991 Persian Gulf War

Analysis of Intelligence Support to the 1991 Persian Gulf War
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2017-11-26
Genre:
ISBN: 9781973396888
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This unique publication presents an analysis of Gulf War intelligence collection and analysis efforts, primarily at echelons division through theater, in order to distill the enduring lessons learned. The paper is an unclassified, executive level presentation of the rich, timeless and meaningful intelligence lessons learned from the 1991 Gulf War. When examining intelligence support to military operations, one cannot truly appreciate where the United States Army is today, or, sense where it must go in the future unless we fully understand and embrace the critical lessons of the past. The 1991 Gulf War presented a number of critical intelligence support lessons which are highly relevant to future U.S. Army operations. When examining intelligence support to military operations, one cannot truly appreciate where the United States Army is today, or, sense where it must go in the future unless we fully understand and embrace the critical lessons of the past. The 1991 Gulf War presented a number of critical intelligence support lessons which are highly relevant to future U.S. Army operations. The intent of this paper is to analyze the 1991 Gulf War intelligence collection and analysis efforts, primarily at echelons division through theater, in order to distill the enduring lessons learned. The paper is an unclassified, executive level presentation of the rich, timeless and meaningful intelligence lessons learned during OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. While it is widely agreed that the allied coalition's defeat of Iraq was truly an outstanding display of military prowess, most military professionals acknowledge that the execution of this complex combat operation was far from perfect. It is imperative that we closely study the intelligence achievements and shortcomings of this combat operation in order to bring back more of Americas' sons and daughters in subsequent combat operations.

The Gulf War

The Gulf War
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2018-02-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781985304932
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*Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading It was one of the 20th century's most decisive wars, but also one of its most influential. In the wake of Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait, America led a coalition of dozens of nations that repelled the Iraqi attack and smashed Iraqi forces, much of which was captured on live television as global networks broadcast the images back home. On the now ironic date of September 11, 1990, President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress to explain why he was assembling a coalition of nations to intervene against Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait. Bush stated, "Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective -- a new world order -- can emerge...A new era, freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice and more secure in the quest for peace." As his son would later attempt over a decade later in another war against Iraq, President Bush sought to present the coalition of nearly 40 nations as indicative of multilateralism, even though it was dominated by American forces. At the time, the Soviet Union was less than a year away from collapsing, leaving the United States as the sole superpower. In fact, the "new world order" that Bill Clinton and future presidents stepped into was one that allowed for American unilateralism. Since World War II, the United States had protected the West during the Cold War, and President Kennedy had coined the term "Pax Americana" to describe his hope of peace for the world. 30 years later, American presidents now seemingly had the opportunity to use America's unchecked power to instill and preserve peace across the world. As events have proved, the attempt to forge Pax Americana would be much easier said than done, and American involvement in the Middle East has been directly tied to the First Gulf War. As Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda attacked American targets throughout the 1990s, and most notably on 9/11, the terrorist leader pointed to the stationing of American troops in Saudi Arabia in response to Saddam's invasion of Kuwait. Bin Laden was livid, not just because foreign boots were stampeding on what is popularly considered the holiest land in Islam but also because he had wanted to help defend the Saudi kingdom with his own group. By lashing out, bin Laden was caught up in the Saudi government's crackdown on dissidents and was ultimately forced into exile. Bin Laden took refuge in Sudan in 1992, and later in Afghanistan in 1996. Of course, the Gulf War also played a role in the more controversial invasion of Iraq, which began in 2003 and was again led by the United States. That invasion came about as a result of faulty intelligence and Iraq's skirting of United Nations weapons resolutions, as well as a biting sanctions regime meant to compel Iraq to comply, all of which were put in place after the First Gulf War. The resulting chaos in Iraq, from the bloody fighting to the rise of the Islamic State, can thus all be tied back to the conflict a generation earlier. On top of that, the stateless Kurds in Iraq continue to be important geopolitical players, whether it was their actions during and after the Gulf War, or their involvement in the Syrian Civil War, politics in Turkey, and more. The Gulf War: The History and Legacy of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm looks at the fighting and its aftermath. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about the Gulf War like never before.