Integration of III-V Materials with Silicon for Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Applications

Integration of III-V Materials with Silicon for Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Applications
Author: Peng Chen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 106
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

Integration of III-V materials with Si substrates has been studied extensively in recent years since it has a wide range of applications on optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC). It enables the combinations of III-V based optoelectronic devices with Si-based microelectronic devices and circuits. The conventional approach for III-V integration with Si is based on wafer bonding and etch-back. Although it provides III-V materials transferred on Si with relatively high crystalline quality, the etch-back process in this approach etches off the initial III-V growth substrate thus it gives low yield and increases the cost. Recently, another III-V layer transfer approach using the ion-cut (smart-cut®) process has been demonstrated, based on hydrogen ion implantation and wafer bonding. This approach has the advantage of saving the initial III-V substrate for reuse, but the transferred structure usually suffers from the hydrogen implantation induced damage. This dissertation demonstrates a new approach that combines ion-cut and selective chemical etch for InP-based III-V layer transfer. This layer transfer scheme takes advantage of conventional ion-cutting process by conserving III-V substrates for reuse, and simultaneously improving the transferred layer quality and surface condition without using chemical and mechanical polishing. The effects of hydrogen ion implantation conditions (temperature, dose rate, and energy) on III-V ion-cut process have been investigated and the physical mechanism behind these effects was examined. Based on these findings, the hydrogen implantation conditions were optimized in our study that led to successful III-V layer transfers. Based on our layer transfer scheme, two approaches have been explored for integrating an III-V based device on Si. One way is to transfer an InP layer onto Si and use this transferred structure as a growth template. Instead of growing complicated III-V device structures which are out of the growth capacity in our laboratory, we focused on the fundamental issues with the transferred structure that must be solved for the growth template purpose. Particularly there is a bubble issue that always shows up when the transferred structures are heated up in the growth chamber. We studied the origin of these bubbles and implemented a simple and effective approach that can constantly solve the bubble problem. Another way is to grow an III-V device on III-V substrate and transfer the whole device structure onto Si. InP/InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes were transferred onto Si substrate and the effects of the hydrogen implantation on the device performance have been discussed.

Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology and Applications

Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology and Applications
Author: Osamu Wada
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 490
Release: 1994-05-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780792394532

By combining optoelectronics with electronics, optoelectronic integration is the challenging merger of many different areas of science and technology. Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology, and Applications presents the basic physics, materials, fabrication techniques, and systems applications of optoelectronic integration in a concise and organized form. Comprehensive and up to date, this book describes fundamental device physics and III-V semiconductor growth and processing; covers the basic design and integration of lasers, photodetectors, waveguides, and transistors; reviews and analyzes optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and vertical optoelectronic functional device arrays; discusses packaging and systems architecture for applications in optical telecommunications, interconnections and signal processing. With numerous cross-references, end-of-chapter references, and extended summaries identifying key issues and prospects in each technical area, Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology, and Applications is an invaluable reference for engineers, scientists and students working in optoelectronics.

Principles of Photonic Integrated Circuits

Principles of Photonic Integrated Circuits
Author: Richard Osgood jr.
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 369
Release: 2021-05-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030651932

This graduate-level textbook presents the principles, design methods, simulation, and materials of photonic circuits. It provides state-of-the-art examples of silicon, indium phosphide, and other materials frequently used in these circuits, and includes a thorough discussion of all major types of devices. In addition, the book discusses the integrated photonic circuits (chips) that are currently increasingly employed on the international technology market in connection with short-range and long-range data communication. Featuring references from the latest research in the field, as well as chapter-end summaries and problem sets, Principles of Photonic Integrated Circuits is ideal for any graduate-level course on integrated photonics, or optical technology and communication.

Silicon Photonics

Silicon Photonics
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2018-10-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128155191

Silicon Photonics, Volume 99 in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series, highlights new advances in the field, with this updated volume presenting interesting chapters on Transfer printing in Silicon Photonics, Epitaxial integration of antimonide-based semiconductor lasers on Si, Photonic crystal lasers and nanolasers on Si, the Evolution of monolithic quantum-dot light source for silicon photonics, III-V on Si nanocomposites, the Heterogeneous integration of III-V on Si by bonding, the Growth of III-V on Silicon compliant substrates and lasers by MOCVD, Photonic Integrated Circuits on Si, Integrated Photonics for Bio- and Environmental sensing, Membrane Lasers/Photodiodes on Si, and more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Represents the latest release in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series Updated release includes the latest information on Silicon Photonics

Sillicon Photonics Based on Monolithic Integration of III-V Nanostructures on Silicon

Sillicon Photonics Based on Monolithic Integration of III-V Nanostructures on Silicon
Author: Thanh Tra Nguyen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

This thesis focuses on the heterogeneous growth optimization of III-V nanostructures on Si (001) substrate displaying a miscut toward [110]. The main purpose concerns the integration of efficient light sources on Si substrate for high-speed optical interconnects inter-and intra-chip, as a cornerstone for the development of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC).First, this study focuses on the optimisation of nitrogen incorporation in GaPN on GaP(001) substrate, while reachingthe lattice-matching condition with Si. This study is also interesting for the growth of any GaPN-based dilute nitridecompounds, such as GaAsPN, which are very attractive for long wavelength laser applications and high-efficiency photovoltaic applications on Si substrates. In a second step, we studied the growth of an active layer based on (In,Ga)As quantum dots (QD) on GaP (001) substrate. These QD display a high density and good uniformity in size. Room temperature photoluminescence is also obtained on these QD, which is very promising for the fabrication of integrated optoelectronic sources on a silicon substrate. In the third part, this study focuses on the homoepitaxial growth of Si by UHV/CVD necessary to bury residual contaminants initially present on the Si surface, and to obtain a Si surface suitable for the subsequent heteroepitaxial growth of optimal structural quality GaP layer. This includes the formation of double atomic steps, by step bunching and favors by the substrate miscut, in order to limit the structural defects. Finally, the GaP/Si interface is optimized, while obtaining a flat GaP surface and a minimum defects density. A methodology to quantify the structural defects (anti-phase domains, micro-twins) by X-ray diffraction using Synchrotron and laboratory sources is presented. This study reveals an anisotropic behavior of the micro-twins, linked to the miscut direction of the Si substrate, and a dramatic reduction of the micro-twins density at high growth temperature. The growth of thin GaP layers on Si substrates, with thickness less than the critical one and obtained with a purposely dedicated growth cluster composed of a Si UHV/CVD chamber connected under UHV with a III-V MBE chamber, shows a significant reduction of the structural defects and provides a GaP/Si pseudo-substrate with a flat surface suitable for subsequent growth of efficient light sources.

Handbook of Silicon Photonics

Handbook of Silicon Photonics
Author: Laurent Vivien
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 855
Release: 2013-04-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1439836108

The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors, multiplexers, light sources, and various subsystems, have been developed that take advantage of state-of-the-art silicon technology. Suitable for both specialists and newcomers, Handbook of Silicon Photonics presents a coherent and comprehensive overview of this field from the fundamentals to integrated systems and applications. It covers a broad spectrum of materials and applications, emphasizing passive and active photonic devices, fabrication, integration, and the convergence with CMOS technology. The book’s self-contained chapters are written by international experts from academia and various photonics-related industries. The handbook starts with the basics of silicon as an optical material. It then describes the building blocks needed to drive integrated silicon photonic circuits and explains how these building blocks are incorporated in complex photonic/electronic circuits. The book also presents applications of silicon photonics in numerous fields, including biophotonics and photovoltaics. With many illustrations, including some in color, this handbook provides an up-to-date reference to the broad and rapidly changing area of silicon photonics. It shows how basic science and innovative technological applications are pushing the field forward.

Silicon Photonics II

Silicon Photonics II
Author: David J. Lockwood
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2010-10-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642105068

This book is volume II of a series of books on silicon photonics. It gives a fascinating picture of the state-of-the-art in silicon photonics from a component perspective. It presents a perspective on what can be expected in the near future. It is formed from a selected number of reviews authored by world leaders in the field, and is written from both academic and industrial viewpoints. An in-depth discussion of the route towards fully integrated silicon photonics is presented. This book will be useful not only to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in the fields of micro- and nanophotonics and optoelectronics.

'Junction-Level' Heterogeneous Integration of III-V Materials with Si CMOS for Novel Asymmetric Field-Effect Transistors

'Junction-Level' Heterogeneous Integration of III-V Materials with Si CMOS for Novel Asymmetric Field-Effect Transistors
Author: Yoon Jung Chang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 173
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

Driven by Moore's law, semiconductor chips have become faster, denser and cheaper through aggressive dimension scaling. The continued scaling not only led to dramatic performance improvements in digital logic applications but also in mixed-mode and/or communication applications. Moreover, size/weight/power (SWAP) restrictions on all high-performance system components have resulted in multi-functional integration of multiple integrated circuits (ICs)/dies in 3D packages/ICs by various system-level approaches. However, these approaches still possess shortcomings and in order to truly benefit from the most advanced digital technologies, the future high-speed/high power devices for communication applications need to be fully integrated into a single CMOS chip. Due to limitations in Si device performance in high-frequency/power applications as well as expensive III-V compound semiconductor devices with low integration density, heterogeneous integration of compound semiconductor materials/devices with Si CMOS platform has emerged as a viable solution to low-cost high-performance ICs. In this study, we first discuss on channel and drain engineering approaches in the state-of-the-art multiple-gate field-effect transistor to integrate III-V compound semiconductor materials with Si CMOS for improved device performance in mixed-mode and/or communication applications. Then, growth, characterization and electrical analysis on small-area (diameter

Scaling And Integration Of High-speed Electronics And Optomechanical Systems

Scaling And Integration Of High-speed Electronics And Optomechanical Systems
Author: Magnus Willander
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2017-04-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9813225416

Coined as the third revolution in electronics is under way; Manufacturing is going digital, driven by computing revolution, powered by MOS technology, in particular, by the CMOS technology and its development.In this book, the scaling challenges for CMOS: SiGe BiCMOS, THz and niche technology are covered; the first article looks at scaling challenges for CMOS from an industrial point of view (review of the latest innovations); the second article focuses on SiGe BiCMOS technologies (deals with high-speed up to the THz-region), and the third article reports on circuits associated with source/drain integration in 14 nm and beyond FinFET technology nodes. Followed by the last two articles on niche applications for emerging technologies: one deals with carbon nanotube network and plasmonics for the THz region carbon, while the other reviews the recent developments in integrated on-chip nano-optomechanical systems.