Integrating Seismic Risk And Systemic Vulnerability In An Urban Area
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| Author | : Umma Tamima |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
"Seismic risk analysis and systemic vulnerability assessment provide useful information to emergency managers for preparing mitigation measures, emergency response and recovery from an earthquake. The goal of this study is to integrate seismic risk analysis with evacuation modeling and first responders operations to understand the systemic vulnerability in an urban area. This involves: (a) modeling evacuation for a moderate seismic zone, (b) developing a framework for earthquake evacuation planning, (c) modeling destination choices in the aftermath of an earthquake and (d) analyzing the systemic seismic vulnerability of transport infrastructure and emergency response services following an earthquake.A shelter model is developed for a region of moderate seismic activity. Shelter demand is estimated by a binary discrete choice model. The method is demonstrated for the city of Montreal. The results of the choice model are compared to those obtained with the HAZUS methodology which underestimates shelter needs. The shelter demand model is integrated with the transportation model. The microscopic model is applied to evaluate traffic performance following an earthquake. The microscopic model estimates that most of arterial and access roads of highly vulnerable boroughs in downtown Montreal are highly congested in the aftermath of an earthquake due to the increase in demand and the presence of debris and damaged infrastructure. This study also applies discrete choice models for the behavior of evacuees in the aftermath of an earthquake using households as the unit of analysis to inprove current estimates of shelter needs. The model considers heterogeneous mixtures of population in terms of income and ethnicity from different parts of the city of Montreal. The Stated Preference method, using various hypothetical scenarios of shelter choice game in the event of a large earthquake, is applied to collect information on destination choices. Analysis of the collected data on destination choices reveals that age, ethnicity, income, types of accommodation, household with children, road condition, building damage, distance from home to shelter and power outage are critical attributes to influence the destination choices of households. The presence of debris can reduce significantly the capacity of the road network following an earthquake. A procedure to evaluate some of the impacts of earthquake generated debris is proposed in this study. A probabilistic model is developed and validated to estimate roadside debris generated during an earthquake and to evaluate the impact on systemic seismic vulnerability of transportation networks and emergency facilities. This methodology is applied to the LaSalle borough of Montreal. This study evaluates the response capability of emergency facilities (hospital and fire stations) of the study area following a major earthquake in order to assess the systemic vulnerability. Systemic seismic vulnerability is high for the areas with maximum damage on buildings and transport infrastructures, and located far away from the emergency facilities. Findings of this study can help to identify critical emergency services and components of road infrastructure for evacuation, emergency response and recovery of affected communities from an earthquake. This information can be used to develop various emergency response plans for earthquake scenarios and identify and prioritize critical components of the infrastructure for seismic retrofits." --
| Author | : K. Pitilakis |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 408 |
| Release | : 2014-06-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401788359 |
SYNER-G, a multidisciplinary effort funded by the European Union, allowed the development of an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socio-economic seismic vulnerability and risk at urban and regional level. The results of SYNER-G are presented in two books both published by Springer, the present and a second one, entitled “SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk: Buildings, Lifelines, Transportation Networks and Critical Facilities”(*), which provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art of the fragility curves, an alternative way to express physical vulnerability of elements at risk. In this second volume of SYNER-G, the focus has been on presenting a unified holistic methodology for assessing vulnerability at systems level considering interactions between elements at risk (physical and non-physical) and between different systems. The proposed methodology and tool encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socio-economic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for most relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme. It systematically integrates the most advanced fragility functions to assess the vulnerability of physical assets for buildings, utility systems, transportation networks and complex infrastructures such as harbours and hospitals. The increasing impact due to interactions between different components and systems is treated in a comprehensive way, providing specifications for each network and infrastructure. The proposed socio-economic model integrates social vulnerability into the physical systems modelling approaches providing to decision makers with a dynamic platform to capture post disaster emergency issues like shelter demand and health impact decisions. Application examples at city and regional scale have provided the necessary validation of the methodology and are also included in the book. The present volume, with its companion volume on fragility functions, represent a significant step forward in the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex interacting urban and regional systems and infrastructures. These volumes are not only of interest to scientists and engineers but also to the insurance industry, decision makers and practitioners in the sector of civil protection and seismic risk management. (*) Pitilakis K, Crowley E, Kaynia A (eds) (2014) SYNER-G: Typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Series: Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering 27, ISBN 978-94-007-7872-6, Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht.
| Author | : K. Pitilakis |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014-01-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789400778719 |
Fragility functions constitute an emerging tool for the probabilistic seismic risk assessment of buildings, infrastructures and lifeline systems. The work presented in this book is a partial product of a European Union funded research project SYNER-G (FP7 Theme 6: Environment) where existing knowledge has been reviewed in order to extract the most appropriate fragility functions for the vulnerability analysis and loss estimation of the majority of structures and civil works exposed to earthquake hazard. Results of other relevant European projects and international initiatives are also incorporated in the book. In several cases new fragility and vulnerability functions have been developed in order to better represent the specific characteristics of European elements at risk. Several European and non-European institutes and Universities collaborated efficiently to capitalize upon existing knowledge. State-of-the-art methods are described, existing fragility curves are reviewed and, where necessary, new ones are proposed for buildings, lifelines, transportation infrastructures as well as for utilities and critical facilities. Taxonomy and typology definitions are synthesized and the treatment of related uncertainties is discussed. A fragility function manager tool and fragility functions in electronic form are provided on extras.springer.com. Audience The book aims to be a standard reference on the fragility functions to be used for the seismic vulnerability and probabilistic risk assessment of the most important elements at risk. It is of particular interest to earthquake engineers, scientists and researchers working in the field of earthquake risk assessment, as well as the insurance industry, civil protection and emergency management agencies.
| Author | : Ebru A. Gencer |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 118 |
| Release | : 2013-06-19 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 3642294707 |
Natural disasters are increasingly affecting the world, taking lives unexpectedly and leaving many others injured and homeless. Moreover, disasters disrupt local, national and even global economies, instantly changing the direction of development. In the first half of 2011 alone, 108 natural disasters occurred, killing over 23 thousand people, affecting nearly 44 million others and causing more than 253 billion US dollars of economic damages (CRED 2011,1). Large urban settlements have become increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters. The concentration of substandard infrastructure and housing, material assets, and inherent socio-economic inequalities increase vulnerability to disasters in large urban areas, especially in developing countries. The size, number, functions, and geographical distribution of large- and megacities create a special concern for disaster risk. Good urban management practices can be a powerful catalyst for reducing losses from natural disasters, while simultaneously helping to develop a sustainable environment. Yet, the existing situation indicates that sustainable planning and risk management measures are not taken into consideration or may not be put into practice for a variety of financial, political, and social reasons. This book argues that, on one hand, socio-economic disparities resulting from unsustainable urban development can increase vulnerability to natural hazards, and on the other hand, when paired with natural hazards this increased vulnerability can negatively affect urban areas, resulting in further inequality. This book will showcase this argument with theoretical reviews and quantitative analyses on the interplay between sustainable development and disaster vulnerability as well as an in-depth case study of the role of urban planning and risk management practices in creating the socio-economic and spatial vulnerabilities and predicted earthquake risk in the megacity of Istanbul.
| Author | : Philippe Gueguen |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 372 |
| Release | : 2013-03-05 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118604008 |
This book is focused on the seismic vulnerability assessment methods, applied to existing buildings, describing several behaviors and new approaches for assessment on a large scale (urban area). It is clear that the majority of urban centers are composed of old buildings, designed according to concepts and rules that are inadequate to the seismic context. How to assess the vulnerability of existing buildings is an essential step to improve the management of seismic risk and its prevention policy. After some key reminders, this book describes seismic vulnerability methods applied to a large number of structures (buildings and bridges) in moderate (France, Switzerland) and strong seismic prone regions (Italy, Greece). Contents 1. Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings: Observational and Mechanical Approaches for Application in Urban Areas, Sergio Lagomarsino and Serena Cattari. 2. Mechanical Methods: Fragility Curves and Pushover Analysis, Caterina Negulescu and Pierre Gehl. 3. Seismic Vulnerability and Loss Assessment for Buildings in Greece, Andreas J. Kappos. 4. Experimental Method: Contribution of Ambient Vibration Recordings to the Vulnerability Assessment, Clotaire Michel and Philippe Guéguen. 5. Numerical Model: Simplified Strategies for Vulnerability Seismic Assessment of Existing Structures, Cédric Desprez, Panagiotis Kotronis and Stéphane Grange. 6. Approach Based on the Risk Used in Switzerland, Pierino Lestuzzi. 7. Preliminary Evaluation of the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Bridges, Denis Davi. About the Authors Philippe Guéguen is a Senior IFSTTAR Researcher at ISTerre, Joseph Fourier University Grenoble 1, France
| Author | : Fabio Taucer |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 141 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279331350 |
| Author | : Maria Bostenaru Dan |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 311 |
| Release | : 2014-02-11 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 940077981X |
The classical field dealing with earthquakes is called “earthquake engineering” and considered to be a branch of structural engineering. In projects dealing with strategies for earthquake risk mitigation, urban planning approaches are often neglected. Today interventions are needed on a city, rather than a building, scale. This work deals with the impact of earthquakes, including also a broader view on multihazards in urban areas. Uniquely among other works in the field, particular importance is given to urban planning issues, in conservation of heritage and emergency management. Multicriteria decision making and broad participation of those affected by disasters are included.
| Author | : David J. Dowrick |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 520 |
| Release | : 2003-09-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0470869348 |
Encompassing theory and field experience, this book covers all the main subject areas in earthquake risk reduction, ranging from geology, seismology, structural and soil dynamics to hazard and risk assessment, risk management and planning, engineering and the architectural design of new structures and equipment. Earthquake Risk Reduction outlines individual national weaknesses that contribute to earthquake risk to people and property; calculates the seismic response of soils and structures, using the structural continuum 'Subsoil - Substructure - Superstructure - Non-structure'; evaluates the effectiveness of given designs and construction procedures for reducing casualties and financial losses; provides guidance on the key issue of choice of structural form; presents earthquake resistant designs methods for the four main structural materials - steel, concrete, reinforced masonry and timber - as well as for services equipment, plant and non-structural architectural components; contains a chapter devoted to problems involved in improving (retrofitting) the existing built environment. Compiled from the author's extensive professional experience in earthquake engineering, this key text provides an excellent treatment of the complex multidisciplinary process of earthquake risk reduction. This book will prove an invaluable reference and guiding tool to practicing civil and structural engineers and architects, researchers and postgraduate students in seismology, local governments and risk management officials.
| Author | : Tiago Miguel Ferreira |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2021-12-02 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128240725 |
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Civil Engineering Structures at Multiple Scales: From Single Buildings to Large-Scale Assessment provides an integrated, multiscale platform for fundamental and applied studies on the seismic vulnerability assessment of civil engineering structures, including buildings with different materials and building typologies. The book shows how various outputs obtained from different scales and layers of assessment (from building scale to the urban area) can be used to outline and implement effective risk mitigation, response and recovery strategies. In addition, it highlights how significant advances in earthquake engineering research have been achieved with the rise of new technologies and techniques. The wide variety of construction and structural systems associated with the complex behavior of their materials significantly limits the application of current codes and building standards to the existing building stock, hence this book is a welcomed guide on new construction standards and practices. - Provides the theoretical backgrounds on the most advanced seismic vulnerability assessment approaches at different scales and for most common building typologies - Covers the most common building typologies and the materials they are made from, such as concrete, masonry, steel, timber and raw earth - Presents practical guidelines on how the outputs coming from such approaches can be used to outline effective risk mitigation and emergency planning strategies
| Author | : Kyriazis Pitilakis |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279308406 |
