This vohune contains the papers presented at the Adriatico Research Conference on Structural and Phase Stability of Alloys held in Trieste, Italy, in May 1991, under the auspices of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. The conference brought together participants with a variety of interests in theoretical and experimental aspects of alloys from Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, People's Republic of Congo,Portugal, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, U. S. S. R. , and Venezuela. The conference was purposely designed to succinctly cover experimental and the oretical aspects of magnetic and non-magnetic alloys, surfaces, thin films and nanos tructures. The Conference opened with an overview of a select class of advanced structural materials, with a potential in engineering applications, for which the con ventional "physics" approach, both theoretical and experimental, should have a sig nificant impact. A number of papers were dedicated to the use of phenomenological approaches for the description of thermodynamic bulk and surface properties. It was clear from these presentations that the phenomenological models and simulations in alloy theory have reached a high degree of sophistication. Although with somewhat limited predictive powers, the phenomenological models provide a valuable tool for the understanding of a variety of subtle phenomena such as short-range order, phase stability, kinetics and the thermodynamics of surfaces and antiphase boundaries, to name a few.