"The purpose of this manual is to help growers and pest control advisers apply the principles of integrated pest management, or IPM, to California citrus crops. IPM emphasizes preventive methods that provide economical, long-term solutions to pest problems. Pesticides are used only when they are necessary to prevent imminent crop loss or damage; thus IPM strategies minimize hazards to human health and the environment. Use this book to plan an IPM strategy for your orchard. The introductory chapters on citrus development, growth requirements, general management practices, and monitoring tools provide the background upon which the management guidelines in the pest sections are based. The introductions to the insect, weed, disease, nematode, and vertebrate chapters tell you where and when major pests occur. Detailed descriptions and photographs of pests and damage symptoms are presented later in each chapter. These sections also discuss how you can enhance natural control factors, design a monitoring program, and use control actions most effectively"--Page 6-7.