A state-of-the-art survey was made of the water pollution problems which result from the production of inorganic fertilizers and phosphate rock. Information required to complete the study was obtained through an extensive literature search, questionnaires sent to the major fertilizer producers, and visits to selected production plants. Ninety eight plants representing thirty three different companies were surveyed. Production figures since 1940 and estimates of production through 1980 were accumulated for phosphate rock and the major fertilizer products. The specific production operations which are the principal generators of contaminated waste waters were identified, and the waste water volumes and compositions for each operation were determined wherever possible. The capability of current technology to treat and control the contaminated waste waters generated by the fertilizer industry was evaluated. Problem areas where additional research and development effort is needed to provide adequate control of waste water discharge were identified.