Infrastructure, Competition Regimes, and Air Transport Costs
| Author | : Alejandro Micco |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Aeronautics, Commercial |
| ISBN | : |
Infrastructure Competition Regimes And Air Transport Costs
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Infrastructure, Competition Regimes, and Air Transport Costs
| Author | : Alejandro Micco |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The relevance of transport costs has increased as liberalization continues to reduce artificial barriers to trade. Countries need to adopt policies to get closer to global markets. Can improvements in infrastructure and regulation reduce transport costs? Is it worthwhile to implement policies designed to increase competition in transport markets? Focusing on air transport, which has increased its share in US imports from 24 percent in 1990 to 35 percent in 2000, this paper quantifies the effects of infrastructure, regulatory quality and liberalization of air cargo markets on transport costs. During the 1990s, the United States implemented a series of Open Skies Agreements, providing a unique opportunity to assess the effect that a change in the competition regime has on prices. We find that infrastructure, quality of regulation and competition matter. In our sample, an improvement in airport infrastructure from the 25th to 75th percentiles reduces air transport costs by 15 percent. A similar improvement in the quality of regulation reduces air transport costs by 14 percent. Open Skies Agreements further reduce air transport costs by 8 percent.
Reforming Infrastructure
| Author | : Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Infrastructure?s Role in Lowering Asia?s Trade Costs
| Author | : Douglas H. Brooks |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2009-01-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1781953279 |
Much of the analysis of infrastructure's impact on trade costs focuses on conditions in developed countries. This book makes an invaluable contribution to our understanding by examining the situation in developing Asia, the world's most populous and fastest growing region. This study analyzes and draws policy implications from infrastructure's central role in lowering Asia's trade costs. Infrastructure is shown to be a cost-effective means of lowering trade costs and thereby promoting regional growth and integration. This book combines thematic and country studies, while breaking new ground in.
Aviation Infrastructure Performance
| Author | : Clifford Winston |
| Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
| Total Pages | : 249 |
| Release | : 2009-02-01 |
| Genre | : Transportation |
| ISBN | : 0815793960 |
Aviation performance is an important cog in modern globalized economies, which demand flexibility, mobility, efficiency, and dependability. Airport delays have gone from being a nuisance to being a salient public concern, drawing the ire of even the White House. In this important book, international transportation experts compare and contrast how different nations have managed their airports and air traffic control systems and how well they are meeting the needs of their people. The book's cross-national approach encompasses several different institutional arrangements, making it a timely and valuable study in comparative political economy. Among the countries studied, the United States is sometimes seen as a bastion of free markets, at the forefront of airline deregulation, but its airports and air traffic control system are publicly owned and operated. The same is true in continental Europe, for the most part. In contrast, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Canada are experimenting with privatization, while even mainland China is allowing the private sector to participate in airport ownership. Which methods work best, and under what circumstances? This book provides the answers.
Economic Analysis of High Speed Rail in Europe
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Fundacion BBVA |
| Total Pages | : 136 |
| Release | : 2012-07-02 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 8492937327 |
Este informe pretende contribuir al análisis económico de los proyectos de inversión en alta velocidad ferroviaria. La evaluación económica de proyectos puede ayudar a los gobiernos a formarse una idea más precisa sobre los beneficios esperados de distintas líneas de actuación que absorben dinero público para resolver un mismo problema de transporte. En este informe se trata de determinar las circunstancias en las que la inversión en alta velocidad es socialmente deseable y en que otras la sociedad gana posponiendo la inversión. La red de alta velocidad puede construirse gradualmente, añadiendo nuevas líneas una vez que la evaluación económica muestra una rentabilidad social positiva.
The Economics of East Asian Integration
| Author | : Masahisa Fujita |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 543 |
| Release | : 2011-01-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0857930125 |
This volume is intended to be the most comprehensive textbook on economic integration in East Asia. It introduces the reader to various issues related to the topic such as institutional building of FTAs; production networks and the location choice of MNEs; R&D and innovation; infrastructure development and transport costs; international migration and service trade; monetary integration; regional disparity and poverty. It also deals with the critical energy, environmental and agricultural concerns. Each chapter contains ample data and rigorous analyses, complemented by illustrative box articles. Covering a wide range of aspects surrounding economic integration in East Asia, this well-researched text will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students of development studies, regional economics and Asian studies. It will be of particular value to those on courses concerned with economic and regional integration.
Moving Boxes by Air
| Author | : Peter S. Morrell |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 353 |
| Release | : 2016-04-22 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1317093828 |
Air cargo is a key element of the global supply chain. It allows outsourcing of manufacturing to other countries and links production in both multinational and smaller enterprises. It has also been the most important driver of certain export industries in countries such as South Africa, Kenya and Chile. As a component of the air transport industry, air cargo makes the crucial difference between profit and loss on many long-haul routes. For some network combination carriers it accounts for up to half of total tonne-kms flown, and as much as one quarter of total revenue. In addition, the integrated carriers such as DHL, FedEx and TNT have their own fleets of dedicated freighter aircraft, and cargo aircraft operators like Cargolux and Nippon Cargo have a specialist role in the industry. Featuring expert analysis and worked examples to enhance understanding, Moving Boxes by Air by Peter Morrell offers a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the business and practices of air cargo, with a chapter dedicated to each key issue, such as: current trends, market characteristics, regulation, airport terminal operations, pricing and revenues, and environmental impacts.
Trade and Transport Facilitation Assessment
| Author | : World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 106 |
| Release | : 2010-06-24 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0821384139 |
The 'Trade and Transport Facilitation Assessment' (TTFA) is a tool for identifying inefficiencies in international supply chains that limit a country s ability to compete in international trade. The TTFA examines problems that affect not only exports competitiveness, but also the ability to import and distribute inputs to production and consumer goods. This new TTFA toolkit was developed to meet the growing demand for facilitation and logistics reforms in an environment of increasing global competition and expanded trade in intermediate goods. It reflects practical experience and the change in the nature of demand from developing countries. The TTFA focuses on simplification and harmonization of trade-related procedures and identifies the opportunities for improving logistics services, infrastructure, and the overall performance of specific supply chains. It also outlines practices to develop plans of action with proper interactions with government agencies and stakeholders.
