Inequalities In Public School District Revenues
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Inequalities in Public School District Revenues
| Author | : Thomas Parrish |
| Publisher | : Department of Education Office of Educational |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9780160496523 |
This report examines variations between school districts and across the states in the quantities of the various types of revenues received for educational programs and services. It builds on some of the analysis techniques introduced in an earlier National Center for Education Statistics publication, "Disparities in Public School Spending" (1995). While that report focused primarily on public school expenditures for the 1989-90 school year, this report provides detailed information about how much money is received through alternative funding sources at the federal, state, and local levels for different types of students, districts, and communities for the 1991-92 school year. Many of these funding sources are categorical in nature, that is, generated for specific reasons or designated for specific purposes. The revenue measures are matched to important school district characteristics such as the percentage of children in poverty, the percentage of minority children, and wealth. Data come from the 1992 Survey of Local Government Finances and other databases. The lowest poverty and lowest percent minority districts have substantially more actual general education revenues than their higher poverty and percent minority counterparts, but the opposite is true for categorical revenues. For Chapter 1 (renamed Title 1 in the 1994 reauthorization), revenues per target student are greatest in the lowest, as well as the highest, poverty districts. Comparable results are found for state counterparts. Overall, findings from this report illustrate the relative importance of concerns related to interstate, as well as intrastate, equity from the perspective of the child. Children in low equity, but high revenue states, such as New York and Vermont, appear to be much better off in terms of the quantities of educational services received than those in highly equitable, but relatively low revenue states like Kentucky. Implications are discussed. Five appendixes provide supplemental information for variables of interest, technical notes, and definitions of key terms. (Contains 41 figures, 73 tables, and 41 references.) (SLD)
Savage Inequalities
| Author | : Jonathan Kozol |
| Publisher | : Crown |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2012-07-24 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0770436668 |
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “An impassioned book, laced with anger and indignation, about how our public education system scorns so many of our children.”—The New York Times Book Review In 1988, Jonathan Kozol set off to spend time with children in the American public education system. For two years, he visited schools in neighborhoods across the country, from Illinois to Washington, D.C., and from New York to San Antonio. He spoke with teachers, principals, superintendents, and, most important, children. What he found was devastating. Not only were schools for rich and poor blatantly unequal, the gulf between the two extremes was widening—and it has widened since. The urban schools he visited were overcrowded and understaffed, and lacked the basic elements of learning—including books and, all too often, classrooms for the students. In Savage Inequalities, Kozol delivers a searing examination of the extremes of wealth and poverty and calls into question the reality of equal opportunity in our nation’s schools. Praise for Savage Inequalities “I was unprepared for the horror and shame I felt. . . . Savage Inequalities is a savage indictment. . . . Everyone should read this important book.”—Robert Wilson, USA Today “Kozol has written a book that must be read by anyone interested in education.”—Elizabeth Duff, Philadelphia Inquirer “The forces of equity have now been joined by a powerful voice. . . . Kozol has written a searing exposé of the extremes of wealth and poverty in America’s school system and the blighting effect on poor children, especially those in cities.”—Emily Mitchell, Time “Easily the most passionate, and certain to be the most passionately debated, book about American education in several years . . . A classic American muckraker with an eloquent prose style, Kozol offers . . . an old-fashioned brand of moral outrage that will affect every reader whose heart has not yet turned to stone.”—Entertainment Weekly
Inequality at the Starting Gate
| Author | : Valerie E. Lee |
| Publisher | : Economic Policy Inst |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 2002-01-01 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9781932066029 |
"Inequality at the Starting Gate is a new EPI study of the learning gap between rich and poor children when they enter kindergarten. This study, by two education experts from the University of Michigan, analyzes U.S. Education Department data on 16,000 kindergartners nationwide, showing the direct link between student achievement gaps and socioeconomic status. The report finds that impoverished children lag behind their peers in reading and math skills even before they start school. It shows how a lack of resources and opportunities can cause lasting academic damage to some children, underscoring the need for earlier and more comprehensive efforts to prepare children to succeed in school."--Http://www.lights.com/cgi-bin/epi/shop/shop.cgi.
The Condition of Education, 2020
| Author | : Education Department |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 346 |
| Release | : 2021-04-30 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781636710129 |
The Condition of Education 2020 summarizes important developments and trends in education using the latest available data. The report presentsnumerous indicators on the status and condition of education. The indicators represent a consensus of professional judgment on the most significant national measures of the condition and progress of education for which accurate data are available. The Condition of Education includes an "At a Glance" section, which allows readers to quickly make comparisons across indicators, and a "Highlights" section, which captures key findings from each indicator. In addition, The Condition of Education contains a Reader's Guide, a Glossary, and a Guide to Sources that provide additional background information. Each indicator provides links to the source data tables used to produce the analyses.
When the Fences Come Down
| Author | : Genevieve Siegel-Hawley |
| Publisher | : UNC Press Books |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2016-04-12 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1469627841 |
How we provide equal educational opportunity to an increasingly diverse, highly urbanized student population is one of the central concerns facing our nation. As Genevieve Siegel-Hawley argues in this thought-provoking book, within our metropolitan areas we are currently allowing a labyrinthine system of school-district boundaries to divide students--and opportunities--along racial and economic lines. Rather than confronting these realities, though, most contemporary educational policies focus on improving schools by raising academic standards, holding teachers and students accountable through test performance, and promoting private-sector competition. Siegel-Hawley takes us into the heart of the metropolitan South to explore what happens when communities instead focus squarely on overcoming the educational divide between city and suburb. Based on evidence from metropolitan school desegregation efforts in Richmond, Virginia; Louisville, Kentucky; Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina; and Chattanooga, Tennessee, between 1990 and 2010, Siegel-Hawley uses quantitative methods and innovative mapping tools both to underscore the damages wrought by school-district boundary lines and to raise awareness about communities that have sought to counteract them. She shows that city-suburban school desegregation policy is related to clear, measurable progress on both school and housing desegregation. Revisiting educational policies that in many cases were abruptly halted--or never begun--this book will spur an open conversation about the creation of the healthy, integrated schools and communities critical to our multiracial future.
Restoring Opportunity
| Author | : Greg J. Duncan |
| Publisher | : Harvard Education Press |
| Total Pages | : 233 |
| Release | : 2014-01-01 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1612506364 |
In this landmark volume, Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane lay out a meticulously researched case showing how—in a time of spiraling inequality—strategically targeted interventions and supports can help schools significantly improve the life chances of low-income children. The authors offer a brilliant synthesis of recent research on inequality and its effects on families, children, and schools. They describe the interplay of social and economic factors that has made it increasingly hard for schools to counteract the effects of inequality and that has created a widening wedge between low- and high-income students. Restoring Opportunity provides detailed portraits of proven initiatives that are transforming the lives of low-income children from prekindergarten through high school. All of these programs are research-tested and have demonstrated sustained effectiveness over time and at significant scale. Together, they offer a powerful vision of what good instruction in effective schools can look like. The authors conclude by outlining the elements of a new agenda for education reform. Restoring Opportunity is a crowning contribution from these two leading economists in the field of education and a passionate call to action on behalf of the young people on whom our nation’s future depends. Copublished with the Russell Sage Foundation
Studies in Public School Finance
| Author | : Fletcher Harper Swift |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 520 |
| Release | : 1922 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : |
Studies in Public School Finance: The West, California and Colorado
| Author | : Fletcher Harper Swift |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 262 |
| Release | : 1922 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : |
The Roots of Educational Inequality
| Author | : Erika M. Kitzmiller |
| Publisher | : University of Pennsylvania Press |
| Total Pages | : 329 |
| Release | : 2021-12-03 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0812298195 |
The Roots of Educational Inequality chronicles the transformation of one American high school over the course of the twentieth century to explore the larger political, economic, and social factors that have contributed to the escalation of educational inequality in modern America. In 1914, when Germantown High School officially opened, Martin G. Brumbaugh, the superintendent of the School District of Philadelphia, told residents that they had one of the finest high schools in the nation. Located in a suburban neighborhood in Philadelphia's northwest corner, the school provided Germantown youth with a first-rate education and the necessary credentials to secure a prosperous future. In 2013, almost a century later, William Hite, the city's superintendent, announced that Germantown High was one of thirty-seven schools slated for closure due to low academic achievement. How is it that the school, like so many others that serve low-income students of color, transformed in this way? Erika M. Kitzmiller links the saga of a single high school to the history of its local community, its city, and the nation. Through a fresh, longitudinal examination that combines deep archival research and spatial analysis, Kitzmiller challenges conventional declension narratives that suggest American high schools have moved steadily from pillars of success to institutions of failures. Instead, this work demonstrates that educational inequality has been embedded in our nation's urban high schools since their founding. The book argues that urban schools were never funded adequately. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, urban school districts lacked the tax revenues needed to operate their schools. Rather than raising taxes, these school districts relied on private philanthropy from families and communities to subsidize a lack of government aid. Over time, this philanthropy disappeared leaving urban schools with inadequate funds and exacerbating the level of educational inequality.
