Indus Script Cipher
Author | : Srinivasan Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Indus script |
ISBN | : 9788177022407 |
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Author | : Srinivasan Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Indus script |
ISBN | : 9788177022407 |
Author | : Srinivasan Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 800 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Hieroglyphics |
ISBN | : 9780982897126 |
The book links the invention of writing to the inventions of bronze-age technologies. Indus script is claimed to be one of the earliest writing systems of the world dated to c. 3500 BCE. The book claims that Indian language union (sprachbund or Indian linguistic area) dates back to the period when Indus script was used. About 1000 lexemes of Meluhha (mleccha) have been identified and explained in the context of ciphertext of Indian hieroglyphs. These substratum glosses are the foundation for further studies in the evolution of languages and linguistic features absorbed from one another, in Indian language union (sprachbund). Using evidence from almost all hieroglyphs in the 6000 + inscriptions, this book makes a contribution to an understanding of the middle phase in evolution of writing systems, a phase which bridged pictographic writing with syllabic writing to represent sounds of a language called meluhha (mleccha) in Indian language union - lingua franca of Harosheth hagoyim, smithy of nations. The continuum of hieroglyph tradition in Indian linguistic area is evaluated in the context of continued use of Indian hieroglyphs on thousands of punch-marked coins together with syllabic scripts of kharosti and brahmi . The book establishes that ancient India was a language union with speakers of Munda, Dravidian and Indo-Aryan languages learning technical words related to bronze-age metallurgy from one another. They used these words in the writing system. The book draws heavily from a multi-lingual dictionary of over 25 ancient languages called Indian Lexicon for unraveling the cipher of the Indus script, as an exercise in solving a cryptography problem. The writing system was called mlecchita vikalpa (Cryptography of Meluhhas/Mlecchas) and is mentioned in an 8th century BCE work by Vatsyayana. The Indian hieroglyphs find their echoes in the goat-fish hieroglyphs on a ritual basin of Uruk (Sumer) and the Egyptian hieroglyph for Bat showing a mudhif reed symbol which also occurs on Uruk basin. The 'reed' read rebus denotes Glyph: eruva 'reed'. Rebus: eruva 'copper'. Also discussed are some Egyptian hieroglyph parallels from the statue of Hathor-Menkaure-Bat triad of the fourth dynasty and the continued tradition of building reed huts by Todas comparable to the mudhifs of ancient Sumer. This book is a sequel to the author's Indus Script Cipher (2010). http: //tinyurl.com/7dflhyq
Author | : S. Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 574 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780982897188 |
Based on corpora of Indus writing and a dictionary, the book validates Aristotle's insight on writing systems. Indus writing is composed using symbols of spoken words. The symbols are hieroglyphs of meluhha (mleccha) words spoken by artisans recording the repertoire of stone, mineral and metal workers. The writing results in a set of catalogs of metalworking of bronze age. Evidence of this competence in metallurgy which evolved from 4th millennium BCE of bronze age, is provided in corpora of metalware catalogs and a dictionary of melluhha (mleccha). Indus writing was a principal tool of economic administration for account-keeping by artisan and trader guilds and did not record literature or, history. Some sacred ideas and historical links across interaction areas between India and ancient Near East, may be inferred from the writing.
Author | : S. Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 260 |
Release | : 2012-08-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 9780982897140 |
El-Ahwat excavations in Israel identify the location as Harosheth hagoyim. The original word is pronounced khar-o-sheth. The place is mentioned in Judges 4.2 of the Bible, Old Testament. Bronze-age contacts extended from El-Ahwat on Kishon river to Rakhigarhi on Sarasvati River. Seafaring merchants traded across the Persian Gulf and from Mt. Mustagh Ata of Tocharian speakers of Turkmenistan who traded in ancu 'iron' (cognate amsu 'soma') to Caspian Sea across many regions of Ancient Near East including Haifa. This Harosheth hagoyim, 'smithy of nations' also evolved early writing systems like Indus script, cuneiform, Aramaic and kharosti. This is a multi-disciplinary account of cultural contacts - discovered in archaeological, metallurgical and language studies -- with inventions in smelting, alloying, chariot-making and writing systems, in an extensive region of 2nd millennium BCE with links between Harosheth hagoyim and Proto-Indian speakers/artisans/traders of the smithy of nations. The raison d'etre for this account is to call for more studies to unravel the nature and chronological evolution of the smithy of nations spurred by contacts among traders, artisans and technology innovators of ancient civilizations surrounding the Ancient Near East. During the 3rd millennium BCE, a veritable revolution in the history of civilizations was unleashed with the invention of the smithy supported by the crucible and the forge. The ability to identify metallic minerals, to smelt them, to alloy them to create new metals provided for the next stages of casting ingots and forging metal tools and weapons including ploughshares for the plows, axes, harrows, sickles, swords, knives, linchpins to hold the hubs of axles of spoked-wheels of carts and chariots. These resultant technological developments led to the establishment of state power using improved mobility of troops engaged in warfare, issues of coins from mints and development of markets involving improved seafaring and rapid land-transport of surplus products in bulk for trade activities by caravans of manufactory artisan guilds, merchants' guilds. Social institutions got transformed beyond recognition as cultures evolved from the chalcolithic era into the bronze-age. The invention of smithy was thus developed further as a trans-state institution of smithy of nations, a development recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible, calling this Harosheth hagoyim. The smithy guilds operating in a variety of new corporate forms, extended their reach beyond state boundaries to become the smithy of nations to meet the demand for metals, metallic tools and weapons produced in the smithy and merchandising them across an expansive interaction area of Eurasia. This development, together with the associated invention of writing systems for bills of lading and other trade transctions, transformed the lebensraum (living space) of bronze-age civilizations of the Ancient Near East. A profound cultural consequence was the formation/evolution of linguistic areas (language unions or sprachbunds such as the Indian sprachbund) with free exchanges of semantic clusters and other language features. The reconstruction of glosses and other language features of Proto-Indian will help evaluate, conclusively, the claims of decipherment of Indus writing. This monograph has not attempted to resolve the polemics of dating and relative chronology of Rigveda and Avestan and directions of migrations of Proto-Indian people. Further studies in the identification of isoglosses, demarcating several linguistic features relatable Indian sprachbund will complement the contributions by studies in Proto-Indo-European and help delineate the cultural framework of the formation and evolution of languages in Indian sprachbund. The apparent semantic links between Tocharian and Indian sprachbund call for a rethink of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) dispersal theories.
Author | : Thomas Burrow |
Publisher | : Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |
Total Pages | : 486 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Foreign Language Study |
ISBN | : 9788120817678 |
The Sanskrit Language presents a systematic and comprehensive historical account of the developments in phonology and morphology. This is the only book in English which treats the structure of the Sanskrit language in its relation to the other Indo-European languages and throws light on the significance of the discovery of Sanskrit. It is this discovery that contributed to the study of the comparative philology of the Indo-European languages and eventually the whole science of modern linguistics. Besides drawing on the works of Brugmann and Wackernagel, Professor Burrow incorporates in this book material from Hittite and taking into account various verbal constructions as found in Hittite, he relates the perfect form of Sanskrit to it. The profound influence that the Dravidian languages had on the structure of the Sanskrit language has also been presented lucidly and with a balanced perspective. In a nutshell, the present work can be called, without exaggeration, a pioneering endeavour in the field of linguistics and Indology.
Author | : S. Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 2012-11-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780982897157 |
As a counterpoise to European Community, the Indian Ocean Community can bring new developmental opportunities for over a third of humanity and contribute to setting up an equitable and just global order. Rastram is Indian Ocean Community. Nations along the rim of the Ocean of 63,000 miles should together constitute a socio-economic powerhouse to resolve the global financial crisis. Trans-Asian Railway Network and Trans-Asian Highway Network link Bangkok with Vladivostok as an economic multiplier. Law of the Sea changes extend Special Marine Economic Zone to 200 nautical miles from the shoreline offering new opportunities for sustainable development of fisheries and off-shore explorations.
Author | : S. Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 2016-12-23 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781541274921 |
The thesis is organized in the following sections and posits that Meluhha language speakers followed the spiritual values of Veda cultural traditions, used Harappa Script inscriptions to create data archives of metalwork, accounting for Bronze Age trade transactions 1. Pre-Sanskrit civilization of Meluhha speakers. Harappa Script is hieroglyphic in nature and decipherment can be attempted the way Egyptian hieroglyphs were decrypted 2. Preparation for the decipherment attempt 3. Methodology developed --Harappa Script is mlecchita vikalpa cryptography, uses rebus method of substitution 4. Steps of the Decipherment with illustrations 5. Decipherment. Instances of the decipherment covering all aspects of the matter deciphered. 6. Harappa Script Decipherment in the context of wealth creation, evidenced by Archaeometallurgy 7. Conclusion & Executive Summary 8. Some select Critical comments on the decipherment by other leading experts 9. List of Harappa Script 'text signs' Select inscriptions of Harappa Script Corpora include thumbnail images.
Author | : Jane Mcintosh |
Publisher | : Westview Press |
Total Pages | : 248 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : |
Some 5000 years ago, civilized societies emerged in the valleys of four great rivers: the Nile, the Euphrates, the Yellow, and the Indus. Of these primary Old World civilizations, that of the Indus remains the least known and the most enigmatic, though, paradoxically, it has left perhaps the most lasting influence on the societies that followed it. In this lucid account - abundantly illustrated with maps and photographs, including sixteen pages in full color - archaeologist Jane McIntosh addresses what we know about the rise and fall of the civilization of the Indus and Saraswati valleys, what it might be reasonable to speculate, and what we still hope to learn. While drawing on archaeological and linguistic evidence to create a portrait of the civilization from the inside, McIntosh also carefully pieces together a wider picture of the Indus civilization using evidence from its trading partners in Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf, the Indian subcontinent, and Southwest Asia. The result is an outstandingly vivid recreation of one of the world's great but all-but-lost ancient civilizations.
Author | : Joppe Bos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 402 |
Release | : 2021-12-09 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 1108848427 |
The area of computational cryptography is dedicated to the development of effective methods in algorithmic number theory that improve implementation of cryptosystems or further their cryptanalysis. This book is a tribute to Arjen K. Lenstra, one of the key contributors to the field, on the occasion of his 65th birthday, covering his best-known scientific achievements in the field. Students and security engineers will appreciate this no-nonsense introduction to the hard mathematical problems used in cryptography and on which cybersecurity is built, as well as the overview of recent advances on how to solve these problems from both theoretical and practical applied perspectives. Beginning with polynomials, the book moves on to the celebrated Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász lattice reduction algorithm, and then progresses to integer factorization and the impact of these methods to the selection of strong cryptographic keys for usage in widely used standards.
Author | : S. Kalyanaraman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 804 |
Release | : 2014-08-26 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780991104833 |
Who were the ancient people who created the script and what purpose did it serve? 1. The creators of the script are Meluhhans, ancestors of present-day people of India. 2. The script catalogs Bronze Age metalwork and trade. 3. Indus Script inscriptions are the earliest examples of use of catalogs in civilizational history in Eurasia necessitated by metalwork in great demand during those times, about 5,600 years before present (BP). The book announces a decipherment of Indus Script based on detailed transcription, reading and translation of about 2000 inscriptions. It reports a discovery that the writing system relates to metalwork and trade by Sarasvati Sindhu (Hindu) civilization artisans of Ancient India. The work is a tribute to the ancient metalworking artisans of India of 4th millennium BCE, who invented an early writing system of mlecchita vikalpa, now called Indus Script. Mlecchita vikalpa was listed as one of 64 arts and a part of the educational curriculum of Ancient India. The book is a narrative of metallurgical technologies in Ancient India during the Bronze Age, an evolution of 'coppersmiths' (cimara) into 'lost wax casting' smiths (dhokra) working with a variety of alloys. Meluhha hieroglyphs document Bronze Age trade on Tin Road from Malhar, Uttar Pradesh, India to Haifa, an ancient port of Israel. The script transcribes Proto-Indian speech of Meluhha (mleccha) language glosses. Rebus cipher -- homonymous glosses of Meluhha -- provide plaintext readings of hieroglyphs and prove that ciphertext rebus renderings detail traded resources and processes of Bronze Age, mostly stone, mineral, metal and alloyed artifacts as catalogs in Meluhha language. Meluhha lapidaries who worked with shells, carnelian or agate or lapis lazuli to create drilled beads could do metalwok smelting other metallic stones which were mineral ores and metallic compounds. Bronze Age necessitated a writing system to document the quantum leap in technological complexity of casting techniques using metallic stones, in smelters, to produce new resources of metalware, ingots, and hard alloys of copper, tin, zinc, arsenical bronze, tin bronze, brass, pewter, iron, lead, gold or silver. One such alloy was documented in a hieroglyph composition and Meluhha cipher using a backbone-spine metaphor. A remarkable semantic unity among present-day Indian languages is established traceable to the days of Sarasvati Sindhu (Hindu) civilization ca 4th millennium BCE. Many glosses identified by the deciphered Meluhha Indus Script hieroglyphs are demonstrated in the lexical repertoire of all Indian languages validating a hypothesis that Meluhha-Mleccha was the fountain-spring of Indian sprachbund and a veritable parole, lingua franca of the nation founded by the organized brilliance of the Bronze Age experts like smelters, artisans - metal- and stone-workers, stone-cutters, inventors of new metal alloys, cire perdue casting experts, and traders. This semantic unity of Indian sprachbund from Bronze Age days, explains why anyone of the present-day glosses from any one of the Indian languages adequately explains and validates Meluhha rebus cipher. Two contentious academic debates on identities of Meluhha speakers and details of language spoken by ancient artisans and traders providing the foundation of Indian sprachbund are resolved: 1.Meluhha speakers were Bronze Age artisans whose products were traded in Ancient Near East and Fertile crescent. They are exemplified by later-day legatees called Asur of Chattisgarh and Assur of Ancient Near East. 2. Meluhha language was the lingua franca of ancient India. Vedic was a version of this language in poetic diction called chandas of Indian sprachbund. Thus, the roots for hundreds of glosses of present-day languages of India of over one billion people are traced back in millennia to rebus ciphertexts of Meluhha hieroglyphs as trade documents of Bronze Age-calling cards of seafaring artisans (on sangada).