Indigenous Weapons Development In Chinas Military Modernization
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| Author | : Amy Chang |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2012-04-03 |
| Genre | : Airplanes, Military |
| ISBN | : 9781475292121 |
"China's process of modernizing its armed forces has involved the development of indigenously designed weapons systems, some of which appeared to undergo a process of development, procurement, and/or deployment that outpaced the estimates of U.S. and other foreign observers. This paper specifically focuses on four key weapons platforms that have been discussed as 'surprise' developments to U.S. analysts. ... Based on the four case studies covered in this report, there are no universal trends in publicly reported U.S. government analysis on the development of indigenous Chinese weapon systems. ... The trends of past decades are no longer a reliable guide to the performance of China's defense industries. Furthermore, U.S. observers should not take at face value statements from the Chinese government on military policy, as they could either be deceptive, or simply issued by agencies (e.g., the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs) that have no real say over military matters. Based on the trends identified in this paper, U.S. analysts and policymakers should expect to see continued advancements in the ability of the PRC to produce modern weapons platforms, and an attendant increase in the operational capabilities of the People's Liberation Army."--Exec. sum.
| Author | : Senate of the United States of America |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2019-09-26 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781695817739 |
China's process of modernizing its armed forces has involved the development of indigenously designed weapons systems-some of which appeared to undergo a process of development, procurement, and/or deployment that outpaced the estimates of U.S. and other foreign observers. This paper specifically focuses on four key weapons platforms that have been discussed as "surprise" developments to U.S. analysts: Type 039A/B/041 (Yuan-class) diesel-electric attack submarine, SC-19 anti-satellite (ASAT) system, Dongfeng-21D (DF-21D/CSS-5) anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM), Jian-20 (J-20) stealth fighter aircraft. This report examines each of these purported "surprise" military developments in detail, and seeks to provide a clearer picture as to whether or not U.S. officials and analysts have demonstrated a pattern of underestimating the speed and depth of Chinese military development.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Contents: Indigenous Weapons Development in China's Military Modernization * Executive Summary * Section 1: The Yuan Class Submarine * Section 2: The Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile System * Section 3: The Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM) * Section 4: The J-20 Fighter * ConclusionsThe History and Development of Yuan-Class Submarines - Prior to designing and implementing domestic submarines, China imported a majority of its submarine technology from Russia. The first indigenous diesel submarine, the Ming-class, was first launched in 1971; it was based on the Soviet Romeo-class submarine. The second domestically designed submarine, the Song-class, was first launched in 1994. China also bought Russian-designed Kilo-class submarines throughout the 1990s and 2000s. The Yuan-class submarines (Figure 1) share characteristics of both Russian Kilo-class and Chinese indigenous submarines (e.g., Song-class) and "are armed similarly to the Song-class SS."
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 125 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : China |
| ISBN | : 9780160939723 |
| Author | : Jonathan D. Pollack |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : China |
| ISBN | : |
Chinese decisionmakers have used various strategies in their past efforts to modernize their defense establishment. Any effort to amend previous strategies will be constrained both by the competing demands of other economic sectors and by continuing deficiencies in China's scientific and industrial manpower base. Affecting these constraints in a significant way can succeed only as part of a systematic long-term development effort. A 'quick-fix' defense option for the PRC (that is, one premised on rapid assimilation of advanced foreign military technologies and extensive weaponry purchases abroad) is not feasible for Chinese security planners. To attempt such a strategy would severely tax the available budgetary and manpower resources. It would also compromise a 20 year effort to create an indigenous base for military research and production, even though the domestic defense industries lag significantly behind the technological capacities of the superpowers. Of necessity, therefore, Chinese security strategy will continue to rely heavily on both a political and diplomatic component, rather than depending exclusively upon military acquisitions and deployments.
| Author | : Chander K. Kapur |
| Publisher | : Manas Publications |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9788170491590 |
With its fanatic national fervour, China is all set to achieve its legitimate place - the Middle Kingdom syndrome - in the emerging multi polar world order by 2050 AD. The most effective tool to achieve this is the Chinese Armed Forces - the PLA. The centrality of the PLA in China's internal and external policies has always remained unquestioned. China has recently embarked on a massive systematic programme for the modernisation of its Defence Services. Its short and long term objectives are yet to be assessed. The question now is, will a modernised professional military dance to the tune of the Chinese Communist Party? The impact of China's Defence modernisation on India's national security would be profound and direct. Are India & China natural rivals? What threats China poses for India? How should India respond to these challenges? This extensively researched book from a highly experienced soldier comprehensively examines all these & other related issues which should be of great interest for the China watchers.
| Author | : Paul H. B. Godwin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 1978 |
| Genre | : China |
| ISBN | : |
The purpose of this analysis is to prevent a description and analysis of the growth of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, the Chinese nuclear weapons program and the associated doctrinal and strategic thought. It is designed to bring together the results of considerable research (mostly completed by analysts other than this author) into a single essay to serve the interests of the students attending the various schools associated with the Air University. A second purpose of this essay is to review the current debate over the modernization of the Chinese armed forces within a specific focus on the People's Liberation Army Air Force and the strategic weapons program.
| Author | : Keith Crane |
| Publisher | : Minnesota Historical Society |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780833036988 |
To help the U.S. Air Force assess the resources the government of the People's Republic of China is likely to spend on its military over the next two decades, this study projects future growth in Chinese government expenditures as a whole and the military in particular, evaluates the current and likely future capabilities of China's defense industries, and compares likely future Chinese expenditures on defense with recent expenditures by the United States and the U.S. Air Force. Although economic growth in China is destined to slow, output will still triple by 2025. In addition, government reforms hold the promise of improving the weak performance of China's defense industries. Although the researchers' high-end forecast of military expenditures is based on the assumption that the Chinese government would be able to spend 5.0 percent of GDP on defense, they believe that pressures within China to increase social spending on health care, pensions, education, and the environment, coupled with the costs of paying the Chinese government's liabilities, make it more likely that military spending will not rise above 2.3 percent of GDP. Using a combination of projected market and purchasing power parity exchange rates, the authors forecast that Chinese military spending is likely to rise from an estimated $69 billion in 2003 to $185 billion by 2025-approximately 61 percent of what the Department of Defense spent in 2003.
| Author | : Richard Bitzinger |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 155 |
| Release | : 2016-12-19 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1317484908 |
Bitzinger examines the phenomenon of attempted self-reliance in arms production within Asia, and assesses the extent of success in balancing this independence with the growing requirements of next-generation weapons systems. He analyzes China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. The overarching question in the book is whether self-reliance is a strategically viable solution for development and manufacturing of arms. Given the ever-changing dynamics and increasing demand for sophisticated next-generation weaponry, will these countries be able to individually sustain their domestic defense industries and constantly update their technologies? This is the first book to analyze arms production from a regional perspective.
| Author | : Stephen P. Cohen |
| Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2013-01-14 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0815724926 |
India has long been motivated to modernize its military, and it now has the resources. But so far, the drive to rebuild has lacked a critical component—strategic military planning. India's approach of arming without strategic purpose remains viable, however, as it seeks great-power accommodation of its rise and does not want to appear threatening. What should we anticipate from this effort in the future, and what are the likely ramifications? Stephen Cohen and Sunil Dasgupta answer those crucial questions in a book so timely that it reached number two on the nonfiction bestseller list in India. "Two years after the publication of Arming without Aiming, our view is that India's strategic restraint and its consequent institutional arrangement remain in place. We do not want to predict that India's military-strategic restraint will last forever, but we do expect that the deeper problems in Indian defense policy will continue to slow down military modernization."—from the preface to the paperback edition
| Author | : Stephen P. Cohen |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2010-08-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0815704305 |
India's growing affluence has led experts to predict a major rearmament effort. The second-most populous nation in the world is beginning to wield the economic power expected of such a behemoth. Its border with Pakistan is a tinderbox, the subcontinent remains vulnerable to religious extremism, and a military rivalry between India and China could erupt in the future. India has long had the motivation for modernizing its military—it now has the resources as well. What should we expect to see in the future, and what will be the likely ramifications? In Arming without Aiming, Stephen Cohen and Sunil Dasgupta answer those crucial questions. India's armed forces want new weapons worth more than $100 billion. But most of these weapons must come from foreign suppliers due to the failures of India's indigenous research and development. Weapons suppliers from other nations are queuing up in New Delhi. A long relationship between India and Russian manufacturers goes back to the cold war. More recently, India and Israel have developed strong military trade ties. Now, a new military relationship with the United States has generated the greatest hope for military transformation in India. Against this backdrop of new affluence and newfound access to foreign military technology, Cohen and Dasgupta investigate India's military modernization to find haphazard military change that lacks political direction, suffers from balkanization of military organization and doctrine, remains limited by narrow prospective planning, and is driven by the pursuit of technology free from military-strategic objectives. The character of military change in India, especially the dysfunction in the political-military establishment with regard to procurement, is ultimately the result of a historical doctrine of strategic restraint in place since Nehru. In that context, its approach of arming without strategic purpose remains viable as India seeks great-power accommodation of its
