Income Distribution In Latin America
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Author | : Edwin Goni |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 31 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Debt Markets |
ISBN | : |
Abstract: Income inequality in Latin America ranks among the highest in the world. It can be traced back to the unequal distribution of assets (especially land and education) in the region. But the extent to which asset inequality translates into income inequality depends on the redistributive capacity of the state. This paper documents the performance of Latin American fiscal systems from the perspective of income redistribution using newly-available information on the incidence of taxes and transfers across the region. The findings indicate that: (i) the differences in income inequality before taxes and transfers between Latin America and Western Europe are much more modest than those after taxes and transfers; (ii) the key reason is that, in contrast with industrial countries, in most Latin American countries the fiscal system is of little help in reducing income inequality; and (iii) in countries where fiscal redistribution is significant, it is achieved mostly through transfers rather than taxes. These facts stress the need for fiscal reforms across the region to further the goal of social equity. However, different countries need to place different relative emphasis on raising tax collection, restructuring the tax system, and improving the targeting of expenditures.
Author | : Diego Sánchez-Ancochea |
Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
Total Pages | : 217 |
Release | : 2020-12-10 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1838606254 |
From the United States to the United Kingdom and from China to India, growing inequality has led to social discontent and the emergence of populist parties, also contributing to economic crises. We urgently need a better understanding of the roots and costs of these income gaps. The Costs of Inequality draws on the experience of Latin America, one of the most unequal regions of the world, to demonstrate how inequality has hampered economic growth, contributed to a lack of good jobs, weakened democracy, and led to social divisions and mistrust. In turn, low growth, exclusionary politics, violence and social mistrust have reinforced inequality, generating various vicious circles. Latin America thus provides a disturbing image of what the future may hold in other countries if we do not act quickly. It also provides some useful lessons on how to fight income concentration and build more equitable societies.
Author | : George Psacharopoulos |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 328 |
Release | : 1997-01-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 9780821338315 |
"Highly empirical analysis documents increase in poverty and worsening of income distribution during 1980s. Demonstrates that low levels of education increase incidence of poverty and income inequality. Data provided for individual countries. Valuable data reference source"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Author | : Giovanni Andrea Cornia |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 402 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0198701802 |
This volume documents and explains the reduction of income inequality that has taken place in the majority of Latin American countries over the last decade.
Author | : Inter-American Development Bank |
Publisher | : IDB |
Total Pages | : 279 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Equality |
ISBN | : 1886938369 |
Statistical appendix: pp. 203-282.
Author | : Ewout Frankema |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 312 |
Release | : 2009-06-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9047429354 |
The forces of industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation and technological change have washed away the pre-modern outlook of most Latin American economies. Despite the improved opportunities of social mobility offered by economic modernisation, current income inequality levels (still) appear extraordinary high. Has Latin America always been unequal? Did the region fail to settle a longstanding account with its colonial past? Or should we be reluctant to point our finger so far back in time? In a comparative study of asset and income distribution Frankema shows that both the levels, and nature, of income inequality have changed significantly since 1870. Besides the deep historical roots of land and educational inequality, more recent demographic and political-institutional forces are taken on board to understand Latin America’s distributive dynamics in the long twentieth century.
Author | : Victor Bulmer-Thomas |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 376 |
Release | : 1996-03-25 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349245208 |
The economies of Latin America have undergone a deep process of change in the last decade as a result of the application of major reforms. The outcome can be fairly described as a New Economic Model. This New Economic Model is distinguished from its predecessor, in force before the 1980s debt crisis, by an emphasis on market forces and export-led growth. This book explores the main features of the New Economic Model in Latin America and, through analysis of the reform process and case studies, examines its impact on income distribution and poverty.
Author | : Alejandro Foxley |
Publisher | : CUP Archive |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 1976-09-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780521210294 |
Monographic compilation of papers on income distribution in Latin America - examines distributive trends which benefit a privileged minority, describes income redistribution experiences, and discusses strategies and problems of redistribution. References and statistical tables.
Author | : Barbara Fritz |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 494 |
Release | : 2016-03-09 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1317187563 |
Unlike other regions around the world, several Latin American countries have managed to reduce income inequality over the last decade. Higher growth rates and growing employment, but also innovative wage policies and social programs, have contributed to reducing poverty and narrow income disparities. Yet, despite this progress, nation-states in the region demonstrate little capacity to substantially change their patterns of deeply rooted inequalities. Focusing on the limits and challenges of redistributive policies in Latin America, this volume synthesizes and updates the discussion of inequality in the region, introducing the perspective of global and transnational interdependencies. The book explores the extent to which redistributive policies have been interlinked with the provision and quality of public goods as well as with structural changes of the productive sector. Inspired by structuralist and neostructuralist thinking of Latin American economists, such as Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado, authors question the redistributive impact of the interplay of recent macroeconomic, fiscal and social policies, particularly under left and center-left administrations committed to greater equality. Bringing together experts in social, fiscal and macroeconomic policies to investigate the interdependent and global character of inequalities, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology, economics, development and politics with interests in Latin America, inequality and public policy.
Author | : Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 123 |
Release | : 2021-04-26 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484326091 |
Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.