Impurities In Metals
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| Author | : Joginder Singh Galsin |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2012-10-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781461354574 |
Since the introduction of quantum mechanics, the general theory of solid state physics has developed very rapidly. To date, a number of good textbooks on general solid state physics have been written. However, research in solid state physics has become highly specialized and undertaken in narrow fields. There is thus a great need for elementary textbooks that deal in detail with the study of solids in a particular field in order to give students basic knowledge in that field. Metallic solids with an impurity, generally called alloys, are of immense importance from both fundamental and technological points of view. The pioneering work of Bloember gen and Rowland (1953) gave considerable impetus to the study of the electronic structure of metallic alloys. Serious theoretical study in this field started in 1960 and, during the last two decades, considerable success in understanding the electronic structure of simple metal alloys has been achieved. Nonetheless the theoretical study of dilute alloys of transition metals is still in its infancy. At present there are few review articles and original research papers that examine the role of an impurity with respect to the electronic structure and properties of metallic alloys. Because of the absence of an elementary textbook that presents a comprehensive account of different aspects of the electronic structure of metallic alloys, I have written this elementary textbook on the theory of the electronic structure of metallic alloys.
| Author | : Klaus Graff |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2013-03-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642975933 |
A discussion of the different mechanisms responsible for contamination together with a survey of their impact on device performance. The author examines the specific properties of main and rare impurities in silicon, as well as the detection methods and requirements in modern technology. Finally, impurity gettering is studied along with modern techniques to determine gettering efficiency. Throughout all of these subjects, the book presents only reliable and up-to-date data so as to provide a thorough review of recent scientific investigations.
| Author | : K. A. Kikoin |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 1994 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9789810218836 |
This book discusses the theory of the electron states of transition metal impurities in semiconductors in connection with the general theory of isoelectronic impurities. It contains brief descriptions of the experimental data available for transition metal impurities belonging to iron, palladium and platinum groups and for rare-earth impurities in elemental semiconductors (III-IV, II-VI and IV-VI compounds) and in several oxide compounds (Ti2, BaTiO3, SrTiO3). Also included are applications of the theory to the optical, electrical and resonance properties of semiconductors doped by the transition metal impurities.The book presents a theory unifying previously proposed ligand-field and band descriptions of transition metal impurities. It describes the theory in the context of the general theory of neutral impurities in semiconductors and demonstrates the capabilities of this description to explain the basic experimental properties of semiconductors doped by transition metal impurities. A detailed discussion of various experimental results and their theoretical interpretation is carried out.This book comprises three parts. The first two parts consider several exactly solvable models and describe numerical techniques. All the models and simulations constitute a general pattern describing transition metal and rare-earth impurities in semiconductors. The final part uses this theory in order to address various experimentally observed properties of these systems.
| Author | : Jun Kondō |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 261 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Dilute alloys |
| ISBN | : 9781139518017 |
A classic book on the Kondo effect by its discoverer, for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics.
| Author | : Clyde Briant |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2017-09-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351439065 |
Provides a state-of-the-art account of the various effects of impurities on the properties of engineering alloys. Outlines a wide range of methods for producing cleaner alloys. Traces the technological advances that allow the economical manufacture of purer materials.
| Author | : Cor Claeys |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 2018-08-13 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319939254 |
This book provides a unique review of various aspects of metallic contamination in Si and Ge-based semiconductors. It discusses all of the important metals including their origin during crystal and/or device manufacturing, their fundamental properties, their characterization techniques and their impact on electrical devices’ performance. Several control and possible gettering approaches are addressed. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and engineers studying advanced and state-of-the-art micro- and nano-electronic semiconductor devices and circuits. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it combines perspectives from e.g. material science, defect engineering, device processing, defect and device characterization, and device physics and engineering.
| Author | : Colin James Smithells |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 1928 |
| Genre | : Metallography |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Robert Thomas |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 474 |
| Release | : 2018-01-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1351984403 |
Recent regulations on heavy metal testing have required the pharmaceutical industry to monitor a suite of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical raw materials, drug products and dietary supplements. These new directives s are described in the new United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapters , , and , together with Q3D, Step 4 guidelines for elemental impurities, drafted by the ICH (International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use), a consortium of global pharmaceutical associations, including the European Pharmacopeia (Ph.Eur.), the Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP) and the USP. This book provides a complete guide to the analytical methodology, instrumental techniques and sample preparation procedures used for measuring elemental impurities in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical materials. It offers readers the tools to better understand plasma spectrochemistry to optimize detection capability for the full suite of elemental PDE (Permitted Daily Exposure) levels in the various drug delivery categories. Other relevant information covered in the book includes: The complete guide to measuring elemental impurities in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical materials. Covers heavy metals testing in the pharmaceutical industry from an historical perspective. Gives an overview of current USP Chapters and and ICH Q3D Step 4 Guidelines. Explains the purpose of validation protocols used in Chapter , including how J-values are calculated Describes fundamental principles and practical capabilities of ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Offers guidelines about the optimum strategy for risk assessment Provides tips on how best to prepare and present your data for regulatory inspection. An indispensable resource, the fundamental principles and practical benefits of ICP-OES and ICP-MS are covered in a reader-friendly format that a novice, who is carrying out elemental impurities testing in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical communities, will find easy to understand.
| Author | : Clyde Briant |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 319 |
| Release | : 2017-09-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351439073 |
Provides a state-of-the-art account of the various effects of impurities on the properties of engineering alloys. Outlines a wide range of methods for producing cleaner alloys. Traces the technological advances that allow the economical manufacture of purer materials.
| Author | : Barry Sadler |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 1410 |
| Release | : 2013-02-21 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118663071 |
The Light Metals series is widely recognized as the definitive source of information on new developments in aluminum production technology. This new volume presents proceedings from 2013's Light Metal Symposia, covering the latest research and technologies on such areas as alumina and bauxite, aluminum reduction technology, electrode technology for aluminum production, cast shop for aluminum production, aluminum processing aluminum alloys, and cost affordable titanium IV. It also includes papers from a keynote presentation session discussing impurities in the aluminum supply chain are also included.
