Here is a comprehensive overview of the drugs that act on the central and peripheral nervous systems. This volume thoroughly describes the diseases associated with the nervous system and the drugs used for their treatment while also looking at the current status of these drugs and their future potential and challenges. Divided into three sections, the book first focuses on the drugs that affect the functions of the autonomic nervous system to produce therapeutic effects. These drugs may act presynaptically by manipulating the genesis, storage, and secretion, and by blocking the action of neurotransmitters. Some drugs may trigger or impede postsynaptic receptors. Section 2 focuses on drugs that affect the central nervous system, including antianxiety drugs, sedative and hypnotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, and many more. It covers the pharmacological management of various diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and others. The last section offers explanations of neurochemical interactions with the aim to develop drugs that have beneficial effects on neurochemical imbalances. This section demonstrates models to assess the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier and nanomedicine to treat brain disorders. This rich compilation provides thorough and extensive research updates on the important advances in neuropharmacological drugs and drug therapy from experienced and eminent academicians, researchers, and scientists from throughout the world.