Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-wall, Skin-friction and Heat-transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone

Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-wall, Skin-friction and Heat-transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone
Author: Kuei-Yuan Chien
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 1973
Genre: Cone
ISBN:

Turbulent skin-friction coefficients directly measured on an axisymmetric five-degree-half-angle sharp cone by two floating-element skin-friction balances at a free-stream Mach number of 7.9 are presented. Heat-transfer distributions are obtained simultaneously. These results yield directly the Reynolds analogy factor. Experimental data are used to evaluate four predictive methods. Except for the relatively low-Reynolds-number case, the directly measured sharp-cone Reynolds analogy factor is between 1.01 and 1.07, which is in good agreement with recent flat-plate measurements. Results indicate that the Stanton Number is essentially constant for one range and decreases by about 10 percent in another. (Modified author abstract).

Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-Wall, Skin-Friction and Heat-Transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone

Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-Wall, Skin-Friction and Heat-Transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone
Author: Kuei-Yuan Chien
Publisher:
Total Pages: 33
Release: 1973
Genre:
ISBN:

Turbulent skin-friction coefficients directly measured on an axisymmetric five-degree-half-angle sharp cone by two floating-element skin-friction balances at a free-stream Mach number of 7.9 are presented. Heat-transfer distributions are obtained simultaneously. These results yield directly the Reynolds analogy factor. Experimental data are used to evaluate four predictive methods. Except for the relatively low-Reynolds-number case, the directly measured sharp-cone Reynolds analogy factor is between 1.01 and 1.07, which is in good agreement with recent flat-plate measurements. Results indicate that the Stanton Number is essentially constant for one range and decreases by about 10 percent in another. (Modified author abstract).

Computation of the Skin-friction and Heat Transfer on a Sharp Cone in Axisymmetric Turbulent Hypersonic Flow

Computation of the Skin-friction and Heat Transfer on a Sharp Cone in Axisymmetric Turbulent Hypersonic Flow
Author: Stephen Sacks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1973
Genre: Axial flow
ISBN:

A computer program has been written to determine the skin-friction coefficient and heat-transfer rate on a sharp cone in axisymmetric hypersonic flow with a turbulent boundary layer. The methods of Spalding and Chi, Sommer and Short, and Van Driest transformations between the incompressible and compressible planes. The Karman-Schoenherr flat plate equation is used to relate the incompressible skin friction to Reynolds number based on momentum thickness. A listing of the program is also included in the report. (Author).

Measurements of Hypersonic Turbulent Heat Transfer on a Highly Cooled Cone

Measurements of Hypersonic Turbulent Heat Transfer on a Highly Cooled Cone
Author: Donald M. Wilson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 94
Release: 1967
Genre: Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
ISBN:

Turbulent boundary layer heat transfer rates were measured on a thin-walled slender cone at a free-stream Mach number of 5.0. Wall to stagnation temperature ratios from 0.15 to 0.40 were obtained by pre-cooling the model using liquid nitrogen. Tests at a wide range of Reynolds numbers were conducted by varying the tunnel supply pressure; thus providing data for both laminar and mixed laminar-turbulent types of boundary layers. The experimental results obtained were compared with existing theories which predict convective heat transfer coefficients. These comparisons indicate that the data corresponding to a 760R supply temperature verify the predictions of Winkler and Cha; however, data acquired at a supply temperature of 1160R substantiate the predictions of Spalding and Chi. (Author).

Turbulent Boundary Layer Skin Friction, Heat Transfer and Pressure Measurements on Hypersonic Inlet Compression Surfaces

Turbulent Boundary Layer Skin Friction, Heat Transfer and Pressure Measurements on Hypersonic Inlet Compression Surfaces
Author: M. O Ryder (Jr)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 143
Release: 1968
Genre:
ISBN:

An experimental study of turbulent boundary layer flow, under the influence of adverse pressure gradients typical of hypersonic inlets, was conducted on a two-dimensional and an axisymmetric model each instrumented with skin friction, heat transfer and pressure gages. Tests were conducted over a Mach and Reynolds number rage of 6.74 to 11.37 and 1,050,000 per ft. to 29,300,000 per ft., respectively. These test conditions produced boundary layer transition on the forward portions of the models without resorting to artificial trips. It was possible to attain a fully turbulent boundary layer before the start of the adverse pressure gradient region for most of the axisymmetric model tests but for most of the two-dimensional tests, transition was not completed until after the start of the pressure gradient. A comparison of the pressure data with the inviscid pressure distribution was made and good agreement is generally found indicating very little change in effective model shape due to boundary layer growth. This result is a consequence of the large model size relative to the boundary layer thickness, i.e. high Reynolds number flows over large models. An important conclusion resulting from this program was that turbulent boundary layers can negotiate large adverse pressure gradients without separating. Comparison with some existing laminar boundary layer data indicate that a turbulent boundary layer can negotiate adverse pressure gradients at least an order of magnitude greater than those gradients which will separate a laminar layer. (Author).

Hypersonic Rarefied Flow Over Sharp Slender Cones

Hypersonic Rarefied Flow Over Sharp Slender Cones
Author: Marvin I. Kussoy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1972
Genre: Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
ISBN:

Drag, heat transfer, and number flux were measured on sharp cones in the near free, molecule flow regime, and the results were compared with available Monte Carlo calculations. In general, the calculations predicted the magnitude of the data; however, the heat transfer and drag increased with increasing Knudsen number at a faster rate than predicted. Also the drag coefficients measured for the slender cones at high Knudsen number were higher than predicted for free molecule flow. These disagreements between theory and experiment could possibly be attributed to the simplicity of the surface interaction laws assumed in the theory. Reynolds analogy factors obtained from the experimental measurements agreed with free-molecule values and also with that obtained by the Monte Carlo technique.