Hydrologic Characteristics Of Walker Branch Watershed
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Release | : 1977 |
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Walker Branch Watershed, a 97.5 ha deciduous forest catchment on dolomitic terrain, received annual precipitation averaging 151.1 cm over a six-year period from 1970-1976. Approximately 56 percent of this precipitation left the watershed as streamflow. Soil evaporation and canopy interception with subsequent evaporation loss were well represented by relationships derived for eastern hardwoods and amounted to about 12 percent of precipitation. Transpiration accounted for the remainder (31 percent) of the water loss from the watershed. Seasonal precipitation-streamflow balances show that precipitation is relatively uniformly distributed throughout the year, while streamflow varies seasonally with high flows from December through May and low flows from June through November. Baseflow discharge patterns from the two subcatchments are different, the smaller basin yielding relatively more than the larger one. This difference is thought to be due to groundwater exchange between the two through channels in the dolomitic bedrock. The hydrologic data base is used extensively in nutrient and trace element cycling studies and in development of mechanistic hydrologic models.
Author | : W. M. Snyder |
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Total Pages | : 63 |
Release | : 1969 |
Genre | : Hydrology |
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Author | : Dale W. Johnson |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 417 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 146123512X |
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Environmental Sciences Division initiated the Walker Branch Watershed Project on the Oak Ridge Reservation in east Tennessee in 1967, with the support of the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Health and Environmental Research (DOE/OHER), to quantify land-water interactions in a forested landscape. It was designed to focus on three principal objectives: (1) to develop baseline data on unpolluted ecosystems, (2) to contribute to our knowledge of cycling and loss of chemical elements in natural ecosystems, and (3) to provide the understanding necessary for the construction of mathe matical simulation models for predicting the effects of man's activities on forested landscapes. In 1969, the International Biological Program's Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome Project was initiated, and Walker Branch Watershed was chosen as one of several sites for intensive research on nutrient cycling and biological productivity. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Over the next 4 years, intensive process-level research on primary productivity, decomposition, and belowground biological processes was coupled with ongoing DOE-supported work on the characterization of basic geology and hydrological cycles on the watershed. In 1974, the NSF's RANN Program (Research Applied to National Needs) began work on trace element cycling on Walker Branch Wa tershed because of the extensive data base being developed under both DOE and NSF support.
Author | : Richard J. Raridon |
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Total Pages | : 52 |
Release | : 1976 |
Genre | : Watershed management |
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Total Pages | : 962 |
Release | : 1991 |
Genre | : Hydrology |
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Total Pages | : 106 |
Release | : 1968 |
Genre | : Stream ecology |
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Author | : L. N. Peters |
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Total Pages | : 96 |
Release | : 1970 |
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Release | : 1977 |
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Walker Branch Watershed is located on the Oak Ridge Reservation in the Ridge and Valley section of Tennessee. The watershed (97 ha consisting of 2 subwatersheds) is underlain by Knox Dolomite; soils formed over the dolomitic substrate are deep, well-drained Typic Paleudults. The watershed is forested. The overstory is predominantly oak-hickory with lesser amounts of pine and mesic hardwoods. The Walker Branch Watershed Project was initiated in 1967 to: relate the productivity and water quality of the stream to the productivity and nutrient balance of the adjacent terrestrial ecosystem; relate the net loss of nutrient elements to the rate of nutrient cycling; define the relationship between the hydrologic cycle and nutrient flux; provide benchmark information on natural terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems for comparison with man-modified situations; and to enable the measurement of environmental degradation caused by man's cultural practices. Research has been completed or is on-going in several distinct, but related, areas: ecosystem analysis of essential element dynamics (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and C), atmospheric and hydrologic input-output processes, trace element biogeochemistry (e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn) and sulfur. Research objectives have been approached by analysis of the role of important biological and physical processes, and the development of mathematical models.
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Total Pages | : 1424 |
Release | : 1991 |
Genre | : Water |
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Total Pages | : 782 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Power resources |
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