Hybrid Latex Particles
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Author | : Alex M. van Herk |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 296 |
Release | : 2010-10-15 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642160603 |
Historical Overview of (Mini)emulsion Polymerizations and Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles, by A.M. van Herk; * Physical Methods for the Preparation of Hybrid Nanocomposite Polymer Latex Particles, by R. F.A. Teixeira and S. A.F. Bon; * Organic/Inorganic Composite Latexes: The Marriage of Emulsion Polymerization and Inorganic Chemistry, by Elodie Bourgeat-Lami and Muriel Lansalot; * Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles and Core–Shell Particles Through the Use of Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques in Aqueous Media, by Bernadette Charleux, Franck D’Agosto, and Guillaume Delaittre; * Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials, by Clemens K.Weiss and Katharina Landfester; * Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Latex, by Md Mahbubor Rahman and Abdelhamid Elaissari
Author | : Alex M. van Herk |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2010-12-02 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9783642160615 |
Historical Overview of (Mini)emulsion Polymerizations and Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles, by A.M. van Herk; * Physical Methods for the Preparation of Hybrid Nanocomposite Polymer Latex Particles, by R. F.A. Teixeira and S. A.F. Bon; * Organic/Inorganic Composite Latexes: The Marriage of Emulsion Polymerization and Inorganic Chemistry, by Elodie Bourgeat-Lami and Muriel Lansalot; * Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles and Core–Shell Particles Through the Use of Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques in Aqueous Media, by Bernadette Charleux, Franck D’Agosto, and Guillaume Delaittre; * Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials, by Clemens K.Weiss and Katharina Landfester; * Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Latex, by Md Mahbubor Rahman and Abdelhamid Elaissari
Author | : Alex M. van Herk |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 296 |
Release | : 2010-10-09 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 364216059X |
Historical Overview of (Mini)emulsion Polymerizations and Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles, by A.M. van Herk; * Physical Methods for the Preparation of Hybrid Nanocomposite Polymer Latex Particles, by R. F.A. Teixeira and S. A.F. Bon; * Organic/Inorganic Composite Latexes: The Marriage of Emulsion Polymerization and Inorganic Chemistry, by Elodie Bourgeat-Lami and Muriel Lansalot; * Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles and Core–Shell Particles Through the Use of Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques in Aqueous Media, by Bernadette Charleux, Franck D’Agosto, and Guillaume Delaittre; * Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials, by Clemens K.Weiss and Katharina Landfester; * Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Latex, by Md Mahbubor Rahman and Abdelhamid Elaissari
Author | : Serkan Bas |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 329 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Emulsion polymerization |
ISBN | : |
"Hydrophilic or hydrophobic functional monomers impart unusual properties to latexes. The type, amount, and addition sequence of functional monomers affect the colloidal stability, film formation and mechanical properties of latexes. Carboxylic acid and hydroxyl functional monomers provide reactive sites for crosslinking. The colloidal stability of latex particles can be enhanced by functional groups such as carboxylic acids. The latexes with functional groups can also be used to graft inorganic materials to form hybrid materials. Functional groups on the latexes not only determine the morphology of the latexes, but also the polymerization kinetics. The present work focused on assessing the effects of the type and the amount of functional monomers on the physical properties of hybrid latexes (particle size, solid content, and glass transition temperature, etc.), polymerization kinetics of core-shell latexes and mechanical properties of thermoset latex films. The first aim was to investigate the effect of hydrophobic groups such as polysiloxane on the physical properties of latexes. Polysiloxane-functionalized acrylic latexes were prepared by three different grafting techniques. In the first method, an acrylic core was prepared with the addition of a coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, after which a cyclic siloxane monomer (octamethylcyclotetra-siloxane, D4) was grafted onto the coupling agent. In the second method, a methacrylate- terminated polysiloxane was copolymerized with ethyl acrylate (EA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) in batch emulsion polymerization. In the third method, D4 was added during emulsion polymerization of EA, EHA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. A core-shell morphology was observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the first preparation method. Microphase separation was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after polysiloxane-functionalization for all latex films. Energy dispersive X-ray data indicated that only the hybrid latex by copolymerization of methacrylate-terminated polysiloxane (second grafting method) resulted in higher silicon content at the film-air interface than the film-substrate interface. In all methods, storage modulus and surface energy of latex films decreased after polysiloxane-functionalization of latexes. Secondly, the effect of polymerization of hydrophilic functional monomers with different types of surfactant on the polymerization kinetics was investigated. A semi-batch emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and methacrylic acid (MAA) was performed in which the concentration of HEMA (in core), MAA (in shell) and the type of surfactant (two anionic and two nonionic) were varied. New particle formation occurred throughout the polymerization even under almost starved-monomer conditions. The instantaneous rate of polymerization was inversely proportional to the concentration of HEMA and MAA. Secondary nucleation and limited coagulation were more significant when the anionic surfactant (Triton X-200) was used. In general, the smallest particle size was obtained when Triton X-200 was used. Generally, the anionic surfactant (Aerosol MA-80) yielded slower polymerization reactions which were attributed to high critical micelle concentration (CMC) compared to the other surfactants. Finally, the latexes with hydrophilic functional monomers were crosslinked to study the effects of crosslinker type on mechanical properties. The latexes with varying concentrations of HEMA, MAA and two types of surfactants (Tergitol XJ, Triton X-200) were crosslinked with five different types of crosslinkers. Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin was employed to crosslink hydroxyl functionalities in the core. Carboxylic acid groups in the shell were crosslinked with zinc ammonium carbonate and N, N1-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Cycloaliphatic diepoxide and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) isocyanurate were used to crosslink with hydroxyl or carboxyl functional groups in the core and the shell. The toughest films were obtained when MF resin was used as crosslinker in the tensile test. However, zinc crosslinker yielded brittle films with very low toughness and pencil hardness. The highest Young's modulus was obtained for the latex films when HDI isocyanurate or carbodiimide were used as crosslinker. In general, anionic surfactant (Triton X-200) showed higher crosslink density compared to nonionic surfactant (Tergitol XJ). This was attributed to the broader particle size distribution of the latexes with Triton X-200. Dual-cure (thermal/visible light process) amide- and acrylate-functionalized latexes were prepared via semi-batch emulsion polymerization. Thermoset latex films were prepared by blending amide- and acrylate-functionalized latexes in different fractions (50/50, 40/60, 60/40 wt/wt%). The tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the thermoset films were evaluated. The effect of the photosensitizer (camphorquinone) concentration was also investigated on mechanical and thermal properties. Amide- and acrylate-functionalized latexes (50/50 wt/wt) were mixed with different amounts of methanolic camphorquinone and t-butyl hydroperoxide relative to the amount of trimethylolopropane triacrylate (1, 2, 4, and 6 wt% methanolic camphorquinone and t-butyl hydroperoxide). The highest tensile modulus and elongation % was observed in amide- and acrylate-functionalized latex with 50/50 wt% blend ratio. As the concentration of photosensitizer (camphorquinone) increased, storage modulus of films increased. Two glass transition temperatures were observed for the latex films. This could be attributed to the induced phase separation after the crosslinking of acrylic functionalities followed by thermally crosslinking between acetoacetoxy and amide functionalities."--Abstract.
Author | : Lakhya Jyoti Borthakur |
Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
Total Pages | : 148 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783848481392 |
Core-shell particles are structured composite particles consisting of two different materials, one forms the core other forms the shell. Enhanced properties are often achieved in these specially designed particles which cannot be met by blending of two materials. The synthesis of such multiphase particles often provide the opportunity to tailor properties for a range of desired applications such as paints, coatings, cosmetics, drug-delivery, paper industries etc. Core-shell particles may be of many types: inorganic-inorganic, organic-organic (polymer-polymer), hybrid organic-inorganic etc. The present book deals with the development of different types of core-shell particles by emulsion and mini-emulsion polymerization technique and their potential applications in the field of paint, electronics etc.
Author | : Frank Caruso |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 194 |
Release | : 2010-08-07 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642128726 |
-Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization By K. Landfester and C. K. Weiss -Enzyme-Encapsulated Layer-by-Layer Assemblies: Current Status and Challenges Toward Ultimate Nanodevices By K. Ariga, Q. Ji, and J. P. Hill -Non-LBL Assembly and Encapsulation Uses 1 of Nanoparticle-Shelled Hollow Spheres 2 By G.C. Kini, S. L. Biswal, and M. S. Wong -Polymersomes: A Synthetic Biological Approach to Encapsulation and Delivery By M. Massignani, H. Lomas, and G. Battaglia -Reaction Vessels Assembled by the Sequential Adsorption of Polymers By A.D. Price, A.P.R. Johnston, G.K. Such, and F. Caruso
Author | : Vikas Mittal |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 379 |
Release | : 2012-08-07 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3527331484 |
With its focus on the characterization of nanocomposites using such techniques as x-ray diffraction and spectrometry, light and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, as well as nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy, this book helps to correctly interpret the recorded data. Each chapter introduces a particular characterization method, along with its foundations, and makes the user aware of its benefits, but also of its drawbacks. As a result, the reader will be able to reliably predict the microstructure of the synthesized polymer nanocomposite and its thermal and mechanical properties, and so assess its suitability for a particular application. Belongs on the shelf of every product engineer.
Author | : Guido Kickelbick |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 516 |
Release | : 2007-02-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3527610480 |
Hybrid materials have currently a great impact on numerous future developments including nanotechnology. This book presents an overview about the different types of materials, clearly structured into synthesis, characterization and applications. A perfect starting point for everyone interested in the field, but also for the specialist as a source of high quality information.
Author | : Werner Pauer |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 2018-11-19 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3319734792 |
The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students
Author | : Vijay Kumar Thakur |
Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
Total Pages | : 391 |
Release | : 2017-06-03 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0081007906 |
Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials: Processing presents the latest on these composite materials that can best be described as materials that are comprised of synthetic polymers and biological/inorganic/organic derived constituents. The combination of unique properties that emerge as a consequence of the particular arrangement and interactions between the different constituents provides immense opportunities for advanced material technologies. This series of four volumes brings an interdisciplinary effort to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications, and performance of these advanced materials, with this volume focusing on their processing. - Provides a clear understanding of the present state-of-the-art and the growing utility of hybrid polymer composite materials - Includes contributions from world renowned experts and discusses the combination of different kinds of materials procured from diverse resources - Discusses their synthesis, chemistry, processing, fundamental properties, and applications - Provides insights on the potential of hybrid polymer composite materials for advanced applications