How Individual Preferences Get Aggregated In Groups
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How Individual Preferences are Aggregated in Groups
Author | : Attila Ambrus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This paper experimentally investigates how individual preferences, through unrestricted deliberation, are aggregated into a group decision in two contexts: reciprocating gifts and choosing between lotteries. In both contexts, we find that median group members have a significant impact on the group decision, but the median is not the only influential group member. Non-median members closer to the median tend to have more influence than other members. By investigating the same individual's influence in different groups, we find evidence for relative position in the group having a direct effect on influence. These results are consistent with predictions from a spatial model of dynamic bargaining determining group choices. We also find that group deliberation involves bargaining and compromise as well as persuasion: preferences tend to shift towards the choice of the individual's previous group, especially for those with extreme individual preferences.
Aggregation Operators
Author | : Tomasa Calvo |
Publisher | : Physica |
Total Pages | : 361 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 3790817872 |
1. The increasing number of research papers appeared in the last years that either make use of aggregation functions or contribute to its theoretieal study asses its growing importance in the field of Fuzzy Logie and in others where uncertainty and imprecision play a relevant role. Since these papers are pub lished in many journals, few books and several proceedings of conferences, books on aggregation are partieularly welcome. To my knowledge, "Agrega tion Operators. New Trends and Applications" is the first book aiming at generality , and I take it as a honour to write this Foreword in response to the gentle demand of its editors, Radko Mesiar, Tomasa Calvo and Gaspar Mayor. My pleasure also derives from the fact that twenty years aga I was one of the first Spaniards interested in the study of aggregation functions, and this book includes work by several Spanish authors. The book contains nice and relevant original papers, authored by some of the most outstanding researchers in the field, and since it can serve, as the editors point out in the Preface, as a small handbook on aggregation, the book is very useful for those entering the subject for the first time. The book also contains apart dealing with potential areas of application, so it can be helpful in gaining insight on the future developments.
Foundations of Robotics
Author | : Damith Herath |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 549 |
Release | : 2022-09-25 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9811919836 |
This open access book introduces key concepts in robotics in an easy to understand language using an engaging project-based approach. It covers contemporary topics in robotics, providing an accessible entry point to fundamentals in all the major domains. A section is dedicated to introducing programming concepts using Python, which has become a language of choice in robotics and AI. The book also introduces the reader to the Robot Operating System (ROS), the ubiquitous software and algorithmic framework used by researchers and the industry. The book provides an inspired, up-to-date and multidisciplinary introduction to robotics in its many forms, including emerging topics related to robotics on Machine Learning, ethics, Human-Robot Interaction, and Design Thinking. The book also includes interviews with industry experts, providing an additional layer of insight into the world of robotics. The book is made open access through the generous support from Kinova Robotics. The book is suitable as an undergraduate textbook in a relevant engineering course. It is also suitable for students in art and design, high school students, and self-learners who would like to explore foundational concepts in robotics. “This book provides the ‘foundation’ for understanding how robots work. It is the accessible introduction that artists and engineers have been waiting for.” - Ken Goldberg, William S. Floyd Jr. Distinguished Chair in Engineering, UC Berkeley.
Intertemporal Choice and Its Anomalies
Author | : Salvador Cruz Rambaud |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 88 |
Release | : 2019-08-16 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 2889458032 |
This Research Topic of the journals Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Frontiers in Psychology on “Intertemporal choice and its anomalies” has collected ten manuscripts on several fields, which demonstrates that this topic is of interest for many important research activities outside of traditional domains of economics and finance. In effect, the concepts of time preference, rationality and time-inconsistency in intertemporal choice can be applied to a wide variety of social problems such as addictions, retirement plans, and health, among others. On the other hand, the main anomalies or paradoxes in intertemporal choice (such as delay effect, sign effect, magnitude effect, delay-speedup asymmetry, and sequence effect) have been considered, as manifestations of many problematic behaviors of self-control in intertemporal choice.
Recommender Systems for the Social Web
Author | : José J. Pazos Arias |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 226 |
Release | : 2012-01-24 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642256945 |
The recommendation of products, content and services cannot be considered newly born, although its widespread application is still in full swing. While its growing success in numerous sectors, the progress of the Social Web has revolutionized the architecture of participation and relationship in the Web, making it necessary to restate recommendation and reconciling it with Collaborative Tagging, as the popularization of authoring in the Web, and Social Networking, as the translation of personal relationships to the Web. Precisely, the convergence of recommendation with the above Social Web pillars is what motivates this book, which has collected contributions from well-known experts in the academy and the industry to provide a broader view of the problems that Social Recommenders might face with. If recommender systems have proven their key role in facilitating the user access to resources on the Web, when sharing resources has become social, it is natural for recommendation strategies in the Social Web era take into account the users’ point of view and the relationships among users to calculate their predictions. This book aims to help readers to discover and understand the interplay among legal issues such as privacy; technical aspects such as interoperability and scalability; and social aspects such as the influence of affinity, trust, reputation and likeness, when the goal is to offer recommendations that are truly useful to both the user and the provider.
Multiple attribute group decision making: A generic conceptual framework and a classification scheme
Author | : Özgür Kabak |
Publisher | : Infinite Study |
Total Pages | : 18 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The research activities in group decision making have dramatically increased over the last decade. In particular, the application of multiple attribute decision-making methods to group decision-making problems occupies a vast area in the related literature. However, there is no systematic classification scheme for these researches.
An Introduction to Decision Theory
Author | : Martin Peterson |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 351 |
Release | : 2017-03-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1107151597 |
A comprehensive and accessible introduction to all aspects of decision theory, now with new and updated discussions and over 140 exercises.
Gambling and War
Author | : Justin Conrad |
Publisher | : Naval Institute Press |
Total Pages | : 219 |
Release | : 2017-10-15 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1682472205 |
In 1914, as Germany mobilized for war, Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg remarked to the country’s legislators, “If the iron dice must roll, then God help us.” War has often been compared to a game of dice or a lottery. But just as frequently, war has been compared to a game of pure strategy like chess. In reality, the business of negotiating with adversaries, fighting wars, and ending wars is far more complicated than a game of chess, where each player can see all the pieces on the board and knows the possible moves that they can make. War is far more chaotic and unpredictable. And yet, international bargaining and international conflict is not a simple dice game either, where human beings have no control over the outcome. Justin Conrad bets that war is more like a game of poker. Gambling and War: Risk, Reward, and Chance in International Conflict. brings readers a war college course taught at a Las Vegas casino. To succeed in poker, it is not enough to simply anticipate the actions of other players and try to outsmart them. A successful player must also understand and appreciate the role of randomness. Additionally, players must confront the reality that all human beings are prone to errors in judgment, which causes them to make suboptimal choices under many circumstances. Taken together, these challenges make poker a fascinating and highly unpredictable game, much like the challenges of international conflicts. Any comprehensive analysis of why wars occur and how they are fought must take into account a variety of factors including strategy, human error, and dumb luck. Gambling and War applies lessons learned from poker, blackjack, roulette, and other games of chance to the study of international conflict. Drawing on scholarly insights from a variety of fields, including probability, statistics, political science, psychology, and economics, Conrad offers thoughts on how we can better manage and prevent international conflict, the costliest game of all.
Public Governance and the Classical-Liberal Perspective
Author | : Paul Dragos Aligica |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 2019-05-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0190267046 |
Classical liberalism entails not only a theory about the scope of government and its relationship with the market but also a distinct view about how government should operate within its proper domain of public choices in non-market settings. Building on the political economy principles underpinning the works of diverse authors such as Friedrich Hayek, James Buchanan and Vincent and Elinor Ostrom, this book challenges the technocratic-epistocratic perspective in which social goals are defined by an aggregated social function and experts simply provide the means to attain them. The authors argue that individualism, freedom of choice, and freedom of association have deep implications on how we design, manage and assess our public governance arrangements. The book examines the knowledge and incentive problems associated with bureaucratic public administration while contrasting it with democratic governance. Aligica, Boettke, and Tarko argue that the focus should be on the diversity of opinions in any society regarding "what should be done" and on the design of democratic and polycentric institutions capable of limiting social conflicts and satisfying the preferences of as many people as possible. They thus fill a large gap in the literature, the public discourse, and the ways decision makers understand the nature and administration of the public sector.