Effectiveness of Fiscal Incentives for R&D

Effectiveness of Fiscal Incentives for R&D
Author: Irem Guceri
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 43
Release: 2017-03-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475591241

With growing academic and policy interest in research and development (R&D) tax incentives, the question about their effectiveness has become ever more relevant. In the absence of an exogenous policy reform, the simultaneous determination of companies’ tax positions and their R&D spending causes an identification problem in evaluating tax incentives. To overcome this identification challenge, we exploit a U.K. policy reform and use the population of corporation tax records that provide precise information on the amount of firm-level R&D expenditure. Using difference-in-differences and other panel regression approaches, we find a positive and significant impact of tax incentives on R&D spending, and an implied user cost elasticity estimate of around -1.6. This translates to more than a pound in additional private R&D for each pound foregone in corporation tax revenue.

The R & D Tax Credit

The R & D Tax Credit
Author: Kenneth M. Brown
Publisher:
Total Pages: 38
Release: 1985
Genre: Research and development tax credit
ISBN:

The Design of R&D Tax Incentive Schemes and Firm Innovation

The Design of R&D Tax Incentive Schemes and Firm Innovation
Author: Heli Koski
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

Research and development (R&D) tax credits are widely employed among the OECD countries to promote business sector investments in innovation. The implementation of R&D tax credit schemes, however, varies across countries. The empirical research on the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives suggests that the strength of company responses (in R&D expenditures) to more generous tax incentives substantially differ across countries. We use data from 25 OECD countries, collected from 2010 to 2018, to explore the relationship between a set of R&D tax scheme features and innovation performance. Our estimation results show that the business sector R&D expenditure is higher among those countries that have implemented either an R&D tax credit scheme with an incremental deduction basis or a hybrid scheme with both volume-based and incremental tax relief components. The input additionality is highest when the R&D tax incentives are based on the incremental deduction. Further, the hybrid tax credit scheme positively relates to innovation output. The business sector R&D investment are higher in the countries with an R&D tax credit scheme that provides favorable treatment for SMEs or option to carry forward unclaimed R&D tax credits.

Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives

Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives
Author: Michael D. Rashkin
Publisher: CCH
Total Pages: 764
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780808014324

CCH's Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives--Federal, State, and Foreign by Michael Rashkin, J.D., LL.M., provides something that has been missing in professional tax literature--authoritative, comprehensive coverage of this complex and evolving topic. This newly expanded resource is practical, easy to follow, easy to understand, and is particularly effective at clarifying and demystifying this complex subject. It provides well-written, detailed guidance on claiming the federal credit for increasing research activities and the deduction for R & D expenditures. In doing so, it explains the elements of qualified research, exclusions, computational rules, and basic research payment credits. Historically, the IRS has been vigilant in denying R & D credits. This resource explains how to satisfy the IRS's requirements, document the credit, and defend against IRS challenges. It also examines research incentives offered by individual states and describes the R & D incentives available in the major economies of the world, offering helpful charts that show the key differences among the various countries.

Incentive Effects of R&D Tax Incentives

Incentive Effects of R&D Tax Incentives
Author: Carla Pöschel
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

Despite the growing literature on the effectiveness of research and development (R&D) tax incentives, little is known about the differing design aspects of the underlying tax policies. In this paper, I apply meta-regression analysis (MRA) to separate the distinct provisions through which various tax schemes affect firms' R&D expenditures. Using 192 estimates from 19 studies exploiting the direct approach, the results indicate, on average, greater input additionality effects of hybrid regimes in comparison to volume-based and incremental ones. MetaForest, a novel machine learning algorithm, confirms these results: the moderator for hybrid schemes is the most important variable in explaining the heterogeneity among estimates. Unlike previous MRA, I find only weak evidence for publication bias in this stream of literature. Overall, the relation between tax incentives and R&D expenditures is positive, on average, but the strength varies with methodological variations across studies.

Research and Development Tax Reliefs

Research and Development Tax Reliefs
Author: Maria Kitt
Publisher: Bloomsbury Professional
Total Pages: 384
Release: 2018-07-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781526507273

Is your company making the most of R&D tax relief incentives? UK R&D tax reliefs are at their highest ever level following the Finance Act 2018 changes. This book provides an up-to-date guide to claiming UK R&D tax reliefs effectively. The government's initiative to encourage innovation and inward investment in research and development gives the incentives new permanence and importance, as the reliefs embrace all types of business irrespective of size. Research and Development Tax Reliefs, Third Edition contains an insightful analysis of these important and complex corporation tax incentives for innovative companies. It provides complete, easy to follow guidance on the legislation, HMRC interpretations and recent tax case law in one convenient place. The author is an expert in the field. As the UK 'Brexit' deepens, many important EU research programmes have received government commitment to their continuity. Many sectors now reach to global marketplaces, and the international context of the UK's R&D relief programme is fully explored. Providing expert guidance on global tax incentive frameworks, and international comparisons, the book provides an insight into the incentive frameworks in which the UK will find itself. Other key updates: - Coverage of the key changes to the Research and Development Tax Code introduced in Finance Act 2018 - Guidance on the latest HMRC interpretations affecting R&D tax reliefs and commentary upon the latest tax case decisions impacting R&D incentives - Up to the minute case studies taken from a broad range of industries and 'live' scenarios - Worked examples of both SME and RDEC reliefs and the special situations affecting these - Check lists of eligible R&D cost sources and HMRC record-keeping requirements - Updated summaries of the new Patent Box and Creative Sector Reliefs - State Aid: Rarely far from the news with the important Apple and Amazon decisions, EU State Aid regulations underline the R&D relief framework. The book provides simplistic guidance on defining the SME and the impact of multi-faceted tax legislation. - Grant and direct funding – the book provides a 2018 'round-up' of funding programmes for innovative businesses and how to access these.

How Effective are Fiscal Incentives for R&D?

How Effective are Fiscal Incentives for R&D?
Author: Bronwyn H. Hall
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 1999
Genre: Research
ISBN:

This paper surveys the econometric evidence on the effectiveness of fiscal incentives for research and development (R&D). The authors describe the effects of tax systems in OECD countries on the user cost of R&D - the current position, changes over time and across different firms in different countries. The authors describe and criticize the methodologies used to evaluate the effect of the tax system on R&D behaviour and the results from different studies. In the current (imperfect) state of knowledge they conclude that a dollar in tax credit for R&D stimulates a dollar of additional R&D.