Home Country Bias in Sovereign Ratings?

Home Country Bias in Sovereign Ratings?
Author: Hasan Doluca
Publisher:
Total Pages: 23
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

This paper analyzes if the so called home country bias exists in sovereign ratings: Home country bias could be due to the fact that a rating agency applies higher ratings to a country with which the country where the rating agency is located has stronger relations. For the analysis of a potential home country preference we use a novel approach to the existing financial literature on rating bias: in particular, we use variables proxying the interconnection between the country in which the rating agency is headquartered and the rated country. The results of the analysis of home country bias are ambiguous. The interconnection of the US with the rated country proxied by the trade channel does not imply any home country bias; nevertheless, when a different proxy - based on the interconnection between US financial institutions and the respective countries - is used, at first glance the results indicate a bias with respect to the ratings from Moody's only. However, this finding could not be verified by the robustness check. Thus, the ambiguous results show the need for further research on this issue.

Empirical Evidence of Bias in Sovereign Ratings

Empirical Evidence of Bias in Sovereign Ratings
Author: Hasan Doluca
Publisher:
Total Pages: 59
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

This paper analyzes if and what kind of sovereign rating bias exists. We analyze three possible biases. Firstly, rating agencies may have the incentive to rate countries where they earn more money better compared to countries where they earn less (profit maximizing bias). Secondly, different information asymmetry levels between the rated sovereigns and the rating agencies could lead to a bias (information asymmetry bias). A third bias could be due to the fact that a rating agency applies higher ratings to a country with which the country where the rating agency is located has stronger relations (home country bias). For the analysis of a potential home country preference we use a novel approach to the existing financial literature on rating bias: in particular, we use variables proxying the interconnection between the country in which the rating agency is headquartered and the rated country. This paper finds no empirical evidence of profit maximizing bias on the level of sovereign ratings but a significant bias in sovereign ratings caused by information asymmetry. The results of the analysis of home country bias are ambiguous. The interconnection of the US with the rated country proxied by the trade channel does not imply any home country bias; nevertheless, when a different proxy -- based on the interconnection between US-financial institutions and the respective countries -- is used, at first glance the results indicate a bias with respect to the ratings from Moody's only. However, this finding turns out not to be robust.

Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus

Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus
Author: Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2018-09-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484359623

This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work on the links between banks and their governments (the bank-sovereign nexus). How significant is this nexus? What do we know about it? To what extent is it a source of concern? What is the role of policy intervention? The paper concludes with a review of recent policy proposals.

Sovereign Debt and Rating Agency Bias

Sovereign Debt and Rating Agency Bias
Author: D. Tennant
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2017-08-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1137391502

Sovereign Debt and Credit Rating Bias rejects the notion that credit rating agencies' rigorous and transparent determination of ratings leaves no room for bias, and debunks the myth that the value CRAs place on their reputational capital precludes prolonged biases. To determine the extent of CRAs' biased actions, Tennant and Tracey apply a rigorous methodology to a well-established economic model of the determinants of sovereign debt quality. They present strong evidence of bias against poor countries and demonstrate how biased rating changes could disadvantage such countries and the companies operating therein as they seek access to international capital markets. They discuss plausible explanations for the bias and suggest remedial measures that would help ensure balance in credit rating changes. This book fills an important gap by rigorously examining a long-standing but often ignored concern about the rating practices of credit rating agencies.

The Equity Home Bias Puzzle

The Equity Home Bias Puzzle
Author: Ian Cooper
Publisher:
Total Pages: 133
Release: 2013
Genre: International finance
ISBN: 9781601987631

Home bias - the empirical phenomenon that investors assign anomalously high weights to their own domestic assets - has puzzled academics for decades: financial theory predicts that an internationally well diversified portfolio of stocks and short-term bonds can reduce risk significantly without affecting expected return. Although the globalization of international equity markets has increased international investments, equity portfolios remain severely home biased today, and no single explanation seems to solve the puzzle completely. In this paper, we first provide a thorough description of the equity home bias phenomenon by defining, discussing, and applying the competing measures and presenting some estimates of the costs of under-diversification. Second, we evaluate the explanations for the equity home bias proposed in the literature such as information asymmetries, behavioral aspects, barriers to foreign investment, and governance issues, and conclude that each explanation on its own falls short, suggesting that the equity home bias probably reflects a combination of factors. Lastly, we review the implications of international under-diversification for portfolio formation and the cost of capital of companies.

Alts Democratized, + Website

Alts Democratized, + Website
Author: Jessica Lynn Rabe
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2014-12-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1118971019

A Comprehensive Review of the Liquid Alts Market and How ‘40 Act Products Can Enhance Client Portfolios Liquid alternatives give investors access to hedge fund strategies with the benefits of ’40 Act products: lower fees, higher liquidity, greater transparency, and improved tax efficiency. Alts Democratized is a hands-on guide that offers financial advisors and individual investors the tools and analysis to enhance client portfolios using alternative mutual funds and ETFs. Well-grounded in research and replete with more than 100 exhibits of Lipper data, Alts Democratized profiles the top ten funds in each of the eleven Lipper liquid alt classifications. This includes total net assets, fund flows, risk and return metrics, and the factor exposures that drive performance and help explain correlations to various forms of beta. Jessica Lynn Rabe and Robert J. Martorana, CFA, combine this research with a comprehensive framework for fund selection and portfolio construction to enhance the asset allocation process, facilitate portfolio customization, and manage client expectations. In addition, the book includes functional perspectives on issues pertinent to financial advisors such as fees, client suitability, and volatility management. This helps advisors apply the concepts to portfolios and offer actionable investment advice. The authors also interviewed executives at leading wealth management firms to provide color on industry trends and best practices. The companion website provides ancillary materials that reinforce and supplement the book, including: The authors’ top ten takeaways Classification cheat sheet Portfolio construction guide (full color) Talking points for clients Q&A on liquid alts Presentation with all 118 exhibits from the book (full color) Alts Democratized comprises a complete resource for the advisor seeking new sources of alpha, diversification, and hedging of tail risks.

A Historical Public Debt Database

A Historical Public Debt Database
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2010-11-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1455209457

This paper describes the compilation of the first truly comprehensive database on gross government debt-to-GDP ratios, covering nearly the entire IMF membership (174 countries) and spanning an exceptionally long time period. The database was constructed by bringing together a number of other datasets and information from original sources. For the most recent years, the data are linked to the IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) database to facilitate regular updates. The paper discusses the evolution of debt-to-GDP ratios across country groups for several decades, episodes of debt spikes and reversals, and a pattern of negative correlation between debt and growth.

From Banking to Sovereign Stress - Implications For Public Debt

From Banking to Sovereign Stress - Implications For Public Debt
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 88
Release: 2014-12-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498342434

This paper explores how banking sector developments and characteristics influence the propagation of risks from the banking sector to sovereign debt, including how they affect the extent of fiscal costs of banking crises when those occur. It then proposes practices and policies for the fiscal authorities to help manage the risks and enhance crisis preparedness.