The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Author: Ina Ganguli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2020-02-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022669576X

The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.

Immigrant, Inc.

Immigrant, Inc.
Author: Richard T. Herman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2009-10-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 047057030X

A provocative look at the remarkable contributions of high-skill immigrant entrepreneurs in America Both a revelation and a call-to-action, Immigrant, Inc. explores the uncommon skill and drive of America's new immigrants and their knack for innovation and entrepreneurship. From the techies who created icons of the new economy-Intel, Google, eBay and Sun Microsystems-to the young engineers tinkering with solar power and next-generation car batteries, immigrants have proven themselves to be America's competitive advantage. With a focus on legal immigrants and their odyssey from homeland to start-up, this unique book Explores the psyche, cultural nuances, skills, and business strategies that help immigrants achieve remarkable success Explains how immigrants will create the American jobs of the future-if we let them Whether you are a CEO, a civic leader, or an entrepreneur yourself, Immigrant, Inc. warns of the peril of anti-immigrant attitudes and a hostile immigration process. It also explains how any American can tap their "inner immigrant" to transform their lives and their companies. Written by an immigration lawyer who represents immigrant entrepreneurs and a journalist who specializes in international culture, the authors have a front-row seat to this phenomenon, offering a fascinating glimpse into the mindset of the most persistent entrepreneurs of the era.

High-Technology Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the U.S.

High-Technology Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the U.S.
Author: David M. Hart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

In this study, we quantify the role of immigrants in high-tech entrepreneurship in the United States. We report the results of a survey of a nationally representative sample of rapidly growing high-impact, high-tech companies. This group of companies is very important to the U.S. economy, because they account for a disproportionate share of job creation and economic growth. We find that about 16% of the companies in our sample had at least one foreign-born person among their founding teams. This estimate is lower than that found in most previous studies of high-tech immigrant entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, our data show that immigrants play a crucial role in this vital economic activity.

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses
Author: John Haltiwanger
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 488
Release: 2017-09-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022645407X

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges brings together and unprecedented group of economists, data providers, and data analysts to discuss research on the state of entrepreneurship and to address the challenges in understanding this dynamic part of the economy. Each chapter addresses the challenges of measuring entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurial firms contribute to economies and standards of living. The book also investigates heterogeneity in entrepreneurs, challenges experienced by entrepreneurs over time, and how much less we know than we think about entrepreneurship given data limitations. This volume will be a groundbreaking first serious look into entrepreneurship in the NBER's Income and Wealth series.

The Immigrant Exodus

The Immigrant Exodus
Author: Vivek Wadhwa
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 107
Release: 2012-10-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1613630204

A 2012 ECONOMIST BOOK OF THE YEAR Many of the United States' most innovative entrepreneurs have been immigrants, from Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, and Charles Pfizer to Sergey Brin, Vinod Khosla, and Elon Musk. Nearly half of Fortune 500 companies and one-quarter of all new small businesses were founded by immigrants, generating trillions of dollars annually, employing millions of workers, and helping establish the United States as the most entrepreneurial, technologically advanced society on earth. Now, Vivek Wadhwa, an immigrant tech entrepreneur turned academic with appointments at Duke, Stanford, Emory, and Singularity Universities, draws on his new Kauffman Foundation research to show that the United States is in the midst of an unprecedented halt in high-growth, immigrant-founded start-ups. He argues that increased competition from countries like China and India and US immigration policies are leaving some of the most educated and talented entrepreneurial immigrants with no choice but to take their innovation elsewhere. The consequences to our economy are dire; our multi-trillion dollar loss will be the gain of our global competitors. With his signature fearlessness and clarity, Wadhwa offers a concise framework for understanding the Immigrant Exodus and offers a recipe for reversal and rapid recovery.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the U.S.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the U.S.
Author: Christian D. Knowles
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781608768165

A better understanding of how immigrants contribute to the U.S. economy is important. Few studies have examined how immigrant entrepreneurs contribute to total U.S. business ownership, formation, and income. This book examines the contributions of immigrant business owners and their businesses to the U.S. economy. The role of immigrants in high-tech entrepreneurship in the U.S. is also quantified. Among other findings, it was determined that nearly 1.5 million immigrant business owners in the U.S. represent 12.5 percent of all business owners. Moreover, the total business income generated by immigrant business owners is $67 billion, 11.6 percent of all business income in the U.S. In addition, although business owners from Mexico constitute the largest share of immigrant business owners, immigrants from around the world are sources of U.S. business formation, ownership and income. These findings indicate that immigrants make large and important contributions to business ownership, formation, and income in the U.S., particularly in some states and economic sectors. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Innovation in the U.S. High-Tech Sector

Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Innovation in the U.S. High-Tech Sector
Author: J. David Brown
Publisher:
Total Pages: 34
Release: 2019
Genre: Entrepreneurship
ISBN:

We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries. Our data come from the Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs, a random sample of firms with detailed information on owner characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 different innovation measures; the only exception is for copyright/trademark. The immigrant advantage holds for older firms as well as for recent start-ups and for every level of the entrepreneur's education. The size of the estimated immigrant-native differences in product and process innovation activities rises with detailed controls for demographic and human capital characteristics but falls for R&D and patenting. Controlling for finance, motivations, and industry reduces all coefficients, but for most measures and specifications immigrants are estimated to have a sizable advantage in innovation.

U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence

U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher: WIPO
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2013
Genre: Law
ISBN:

High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.

Immigration and High-impact, High-tech Entrepreneurship

Immigration and High-impact, High-tech Entrepreneurship
Author: David M. Hart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 11
Release: 2011
Genre: Emigration and immigration
ISBN:

"Our study shows that the founding teams of about 16 percent of a nationally representative sample of high-impact, high-tech companies -- the kind of company that is most critical for long-term economic growth -- include at least one immigrant. These immigrant entrepreneurs are deeply-rooted in the U.S.; about 77 percent, for instance, are U.S. citizens. Most are well-educated and have substantial professional experience. Our evidence does not allow us to rule out the possibility that the immigrant entrepreneurs "crowd out" comparable natives, but we incline toward the view that immigrants and natives complement one another"--Page 1.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship

Immigrant Entrepreneurship
Author: Jan Rath (Editor of this Special Issue)
Publisher: ACIDI, I.P.
Total Pages: 287
Release: 2008-10-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN:

This Special Issue aims to provide an extensive mapping of policies in the promotion of ethnic entrepreneurship in a number of countries. It is motivated by the desire of national and municipal Governments to create an environment conducive to setting up and developing SMEs in general and immigrant businesses in particular. Furthermore it also highlights how the third sector has also had a crucial role in the reinforcement of immigrant entrepreneurship, and provides indications of how best to address this issue at a Governmental level in the future.