Harlow Shapley Biography Of An Astronomer
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| Author | : Doug West |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2015-03-19 |
| Genre | : Astronomers |
| ISBN | : 9781508950844 |
Harlow Shapley was an astronomer, humanitarian, and public figure in his day. Born in the hills of the Ozarks in Missouri he went on to become the Director of the Harvard College Observatory and discovered our place in the Galaxy. Because of the painstaking work of this tireless American astronomer, we were given a clearer picture of our place in the Universe. Shapley was a prodigious astronomer who completed significant work on globular clusters, Cepheid variables, as well as key aspects of cosmology and stellar astronomy, including nebular and stellar spectroscopy and photometry. Shapley also did important work on the Magellanic Clouds, which are neighbor galaxies to our own Milky Way. He made the deduction that the Sun is located at the central plane of the Galaxy on a minor arm of the Milky Way about 30,000 light years from the galactic center. This was in direct conflict with the prevailing view of the galaxy and cause quite a stir in the astronomical community. At the peak of his career as an astronomer, he worked at the Mt. Wilson Observatory, and afterward served at the helm of the Harvard College Observatory, eventually transforming it into an important training and observational facility. Shapley was to lead the development of the Harvard Astronomy program which produced many prominent astronomers. Shapley's work on international issues in astronomy lead him to multiple visits to Russia. This was at the early stages of the Cold War between the United States and Russia. Harlow Shapley had caught the eye of the FBI and the famed communist hunter Joseph McCarthy and he was investigated by the committee of "Un-American" activities. Shapley was later cleared of any wrong doing but it almost cost him the directorship of the Harvard College Observatory. Shapley was a prodigious writer, with over a dozen books to his credit, numerous scientific papers, and many articles written for the general public so they could understand and appreciate the wonders of the Universe. His book "Of Stars and Men" was a best-seller translated into eight languages and eventually became a film documentary. Harlow Shapley also was a humanitarian. In the late 1930s he was appalled at the treatment of Jewish scientists and scholars in Hitler's Germany. He headed a nationwide effort to bring refuges from Germany to the United States and was personally involved in the resettlement of at least 1000 refugee families. Let the biographer, Doug West, take you on a journey into the life and times of this important man. The biography is written in a clear and concise manner for the non-scientist
| Author | : Harlow Shapley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 1960 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
The phenomenal growth of modern astronomy, including the invention of the coronagraph and major developments in telescope design and photographic technique, is unparalleled in many centuries. Theories of relativity, the concept and measurement of the expanding universe, the location of sun and planets far from the center of the Milky Way, the exploration of the interiors of stars, the pulsation theory of Cepheid variation, and investigations of interstellar space have profoundly altered the astronomer's approach. These fundamental discoveries are reported in papers by such eminent scientists as Albert Einstein, Sir Arthur S. Eddington, Henry Norris Russell, Sir James Jeans, Meghnad Saha, Otto Struve, Fred L. Whipple, Bernard Lyot, Jan H. Oort, and George Ellery Hale. The Source Book's 69 contributions represent all fields of astronomy. For example, there are reports on the equivalence of mass and energy (E = mc ) of the special theory of relativity; building the 200-inch Palomar telescope; the scattering of galaxies suggesting a rapidly expanding universe; stellar evolution; and the Big Bang and Steady State theories of the universe's origin.
| Author | : Donovan Moore |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Biography & Autobiography |
| ISBN | : 0674237374 |
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was the revolutionary scientific thinker who discovered what stars are made of. But her name is hard to find alongside those of Hubble, Herschel, and other great astronomers. Donovan Moore tells the story of Payne's life of determination against all the obstacles a patriarchal society erected against her.
| Author | : Harlow Shapley |
| Publisher | : Palala Press |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2016-04-27 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781354715628 |
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
| Author | : David H. DeVorkin |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 536 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Biography & Autobiography |
| ISBN | : 9780691049182 |
Henry Norris Russell lived in two universes: that of his Presbyterian forebears and that of his science. Sharp-witted and animated by nervous energy, he became one of the most powerful voices in twentieth-century American astronomy, wielding that influence in calculated ways to redefine an entire science. He, more than any American of his generation, worked to turn an observation-centered discipline into a theory-driven pursuit centered on physics. Today, professional and amateur astronomers alike know Russell for the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the playing field for much of stellar astrophysics, as well as for his work on the evolution of stars and the origin of the solar system. But of far greater importance than his own research, which was truly remarkable in its own right, is Russell's stamp on the field as a whole. Functioning as a "headquarters scientist"--some called him General--Russell was an astronomer without a telescope. Yet he marshaled the data of the Hales and the Pickerings of the world, injected theory into mainstream astronomy, and brought atomic physics to its very core, often sparking controversy along the way. His students at Princeton went on to populate the most prestigious astronomical institutions in the United States, bringing with them Russell's beliefs that astronomy is really astrophysics and that researchers should be theoretically as well as empirically minded. This first-ever book-length biography of the "Dean of American Astronomers" interweaves personal and scientific history to illuminate how Russell's privileged Presbyterian family background, his education at Princeton and Cambridge, and his personal inclinations and attachments both served and were at odds with his campaign to modernize astronomy. This book will be of interest not only to astronomers and historians (particularly those interested in the emergence of astrophysics), but to anyone interested in the process of disciplinary change.
| Author | : Mildred Shapley Matthews |
| Publisher | : Bookbaby |
| Total Pages | : 312 |
| Release | : 2021-12-14 |
| Genre | : Biography & Autobiography |
| ISBN | : 9781098383565 |
This is a lively memoir about growing up with the charismatic American astronomer and science impresario, Harlow Shapley, by his daughter, the late Mildred Shapley Matthews. Shapley remains widely regarded as one of the most unusual, interesting, and noteworthy American astronomers, internationalists, and humanitarians of the 20th century. The "round table" in the title refers to a large rotating wooden desk mounted on central spindle, which graced the Director's Office at the Harvard College Observatory from 1906 through the mid-1950s. Mildred Shapley Matthews (1915-2016) wrote this reminiscence of life with her father, Harlow Shapley (1885-1972), during the early 1960s. It is based on her personal recollections plus extensive correspondence and conversations with her father and her mother, Martha Betz Shapley (1890-1981). Written in a colloquial narrative style, it exhibits for the first time a delightfully human side of Harlow Shapley. Harlow Shapley was also an outspoken political progressive, socialist, pacifist, and internationalist who openly espoused his political and social causes. He was one of the "suspected communists" named by Senator Joseph McCarthy, and in 1946 was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Shapley retired as director of the Harvard Observatory in 1952. Over the next 20 years he wrote several books and lectured extensively on college campuses across the country, sharing his enthusiasm with generations of future thinkers about the wonders of science, and his witty disdain for humankind's hubris.
| Author | : Owen Gingerich |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1975 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Heber Doust Curtis |
| Publisher | : Franklin Classics |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2018-10-15 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780343257026 |
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
| Author | : Leila Belkora |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 404 |
| Release | : 2002-12-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1420033921 |
Today, we accept that we live on a planet circling the sun, that our sun is just one of billions of stars in the galaxy we call the Milky Way, and that our galaxy is but one of billions born out of the big bang. Yet as recently as the early twentieth century, the general public and even astronomers had vague and confused notions about what lay beyo
| Author | : Dava Sobel |
| Publisher | : Penguin |
| Total Pages | : 336 |
| Release | : 2016-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 069814869X |
From #1 New York Times bestselling author Dava Sobel, the "inspiring" (People), little-known true story of women's landmark contributions to astronomy A New York Times Book Review Notable Book of 2017 Named one of the best books of the year by NPR, The Economist, Smithsonian, Nature, and NPR's Science Friday Nominated for the PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award "A joy to read.” —The Wall Street Journal In the mid-nineteenth century, the Harvard College Observatory began employing women as calculators, or “human computers,” to interpret the observations their male counterparts made via telescope each night. At the outset this group included the wives, sisters, and daughters of the resident astronomers, but soon the female corps included graduates of the new women's colleges—Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith. As photography transformed the practice of astronomy, the ladies turned from computation to studying the stars captured nightly on glass photographic plates. The “glass universe” of half a million plates that Harvard amassed over the ensuing decades—through the generous support of Mrs. Anna Palmer Draper, the widow of a pioneer in stellar photography—enabled the women to make extraordinary discoveries that attracted worldwide acclaim. They helped discern what stars were made of, divided the stars into meaningful categories for further research, and found a way to measure distances across space by starlight. Their ranks included Williamina Fleming, a Scottish woman originally hired as a maid who went on to identify ten novae and more than three hundred variable stars; Annie Jump Cannon, who designed a stellar classification system that was adopted by astronomers the world over and is still in use; and Dr. Cecilia Helena Payne, who in 1956 became the first ever woman professor of astronomy at Harvard—and Harvard’s first female department chair. Elegantly written and enriched by excerpts from letters, diaries, and memoirs, The Glass Universe is the hidden history of the women whose contributions to the burgeoning field of astronomy forever changed our understanding of the stars and our place in the universe.
