Hadronic Matter At Extreme Energy Density
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| Author | : N. Cabibbo |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 359 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1468436023 |
This book originated in the Workshop on "Hadronic Matter at Extreme Energy Density," held at the Ettore Majorana Center in Erice, October 13-21, 1978. The lectures have been expanded to their present size, and the contributions of seven seminars have been represented by abstracts which should stimulate the reader's interest and guide him to the original literature. The title of the book perhaps does not fully represent its content but still is a good indication of the conceptual motiva tion of our Workshop. The development of physics in recent years has filled in the first details of the grand design which was initiated with the theory of general relativity and aspires to a synthesis of all the different interactions. However, this development has not been a linear one but .has followed a divided pattern: general relativity had its phenomenological domain in cosmology and had little to do with high-energy elementary particle physics. It was progress in the knowledge of symmetries in particle physics that fueled the advance toward the present formulation of supergravity, thus help ing to heal this historical separation. The great program would not have advanced so far if our attention had all the time stayed focused at infinity, where the great issues are.
| Author | : Jean Letessier |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 569 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461519454 |
The past decade has seen the development of the operational understanding of fun damental interactions within the standard model. This has detoured our attention from the great enigmas posed by the dynamics and collective behavior of strongly interacting particles. Discovered more than 30 years ago, the thermal nature of the hadronic particle spectra has stimulated considerable theoretical effort, which so far has failed to 'confirm' on the basis of microscopic interactions the origins of this phenomenon. However, a highly successful Statistical Bootstrap Model was developed by Rolf Hagedorn at CERN about 30 years ago, which has led us to consider the 'boiling hadronic matter' as a transient state in the trans formation of hadronic particles into their melted form which we call Quark-GIuon-Plasma (QGP). Today, we return to seek detailed understanding of the thermalization processes of hadronic matter, equipped on the theoretical side with the knowledge of the fundamental strong interaction theory, the quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD), and recognizing the im portant role of the complex QCD-vacuum structure. On the other side, we have developed new experimental tools in the form of nuclear relativistic beams, which allow to create rather extended regions in space-time of Hot Hadronic Matter. The confluence of these new and recent developments in theory and experiment led us to gather together from June 27 to July 1, 1994, at the Grand Hotel in Divonne-Ies-Bains, France, to discuss and expose the open questions and issues in our field.
| Author | : Helmut Satz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 245 |
| Release | : 2012-03-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642239072 |
The thermodynamics of strongly interacting matter has become a profound and challenging area of modern physics, both in theory and in experiment. Statistical quantum chromodynamics, through analytical as well as numerical studies, provides the main theoretical tool, while in experiment, high-energy nuclear collisions are the key for extensive laboratory investigations. The field therefore straddles statistical, particle and nuclear physics, both conceptually and in the methods of investigation used. This course-tested primer addresses above all the many young scientists starting their scientific research in this field, providing them with a general, self-contained introduction that emphasizes in particular the basic concepts and ideas, with the aim of explaining why we do what we do. To achieve this goal, the present text concentrates mainly on equilibrium thermodynamics: first, the fundamental ideas of strong interaction thermodynamics are introduced and then the main concepts and methods used in the study of the physics of complex systems are summarized. Subsequently, simplified phenomenological pictures, leading to critical behavior in hadronic matter and to hadron-quark phase transitions are introduced, followed by elements of finite-temperature lattice QCD leading to the important results obtained in computer simulation studies of the lattice approach. Next, the relation of the resulting critical behavior to symmetry breaking/restoration in QCD is clarified before the text turns to the study of the QCD phase diagram. The presentation of bulk equilibrium thermodynamics is completed by studying the properties of the quark-gluon plasma as new state of strongly interacting matter. The final chapters of the book are devoted to more specific topics which arise when nuclear collisions are considered as a tool for the experimental study of QCD thermodynamics.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 177 |
| Release | : 2003-05-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 030908637X |
Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes. These advances will also benefit inertial confinement fusion research and the nation's nuclear weapon's program. The report describes the major research facilities on which such high energy density conditions can be achieved and lists a number of key scientific questions about high energy density physics that can be addressed by this research. Several recommendations are presented that would facilitate the development of a comprehensive strategy for realizing these research opportunities.
| Author | : Sigfrido Boffi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 287 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364218801X |
This volume contains the invited and contributed papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics and sent to the Editors within the deadline. The Conference was held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, from May 12th to 16th, 2003, and was attended by about 100 scientists from 20 countries. The series ofConferences on Perspectives on Hadronic Physics takes place every two years since 1997 and follows the seven Workshops on Perspectives in Nuclear Physics at Intermediate Energies, organized every two years at ICTP since 1983. The aim of these Conferences is to discuss the status-of-the-art concerning the experimental and theoretical investigations of hadronic systems, from nucleons to nuclei and dense nuclear matter, in terms of the relevant underlying degrees of freedom. For such a reason the Fourth Conference has been focused on those experimental and theoretical topics which have been in the last few years the object of intensive investigations, viz. the various approaches employed to describe the structure of hadrons in terms of QCD and QCD inspired models, the recent developments in the treatment of the properties and propagations of hadronic states in the medium, the relevant progress done in the solution of the few- and many- hadron problems, the recent results in the experimental investigation of dense hadronic matter and, last but not least, the physics programs of existing Laboratories and the suggested projects for new Facilities.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 223 |
| Release | : 1999-05-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309062764 |
Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
| Author | : Johann Rafelski |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 457 |
| Release | : 2015-10-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319175459 |
This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting temperature, leading on to the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma -- announced, in February 2000 at CERN. Following the foreword by Herwig Schopper -- the Director General (1981-1988) of CERN at the key historical juncture -- the first part is a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (1919-2003) and includes contributions by contemporary friends and colleagues, and those who were most touched by Hagedorn: Tamás Biró, Igor Dremin, Torleif Ericson, Marek Gaździcki, Mark Gorenstein, Hans Gutbrod, Maurice Jacob, István Montvay, Berndt Müller, Grazyna Odyniec, Emanuele Quercigh, Krzysztof Redlich, Helmut Satz, Luigi Sertorio, Ludwik Turko, and Gabriele Veneziano. The second and third parts retrace 20 years of developments that after discovery of the Hagedorn temperature in 1964 led to its recognition as the melting point of hadrons into boiling quarks, and to the rise of the experimental relativistic heavy ion collision program. These parts contain previously unpublished material authored by Hagedorn and Rafelski: conference retrospectives, research notes, workshop reports, in some instances abbreviated to avoid duplication of material, and rounded off with the editor's explanatory notes. About the editor: Johann Rafelski is a theoretical physicist working at The University of Arizona in Tucson, USA. Bor n in 1950 in Krakow, Poland, he received his Ph.D. with Walter Greiner in Frankfurt, Germany in 1973. Rafelski arrived at CERN in 1977, where in a joint effort with Hagedorn he contributed greatly to the establishment of the relativistic heavy ion collision, and quark-gluon plasma research fields. Moving on, with stops in Frankfurt and Cape Town, to Arizona, he invented and developed the strangeness quark flavor as the signature of quark-gluon plasma.
| Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1174 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Fossil fuels |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : D.V. Gopinath |
| Publisher | : Cambridge Scholars Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 349 |
| Release | : 2020-08-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1527558320 |
This book provides a comprehensive account of the developments and current status in several fields of the application of radioactivity and ionising radiation. It covers such topics as radiation-based techniques, radiation’s applications in medicine, food and agriculture, its impact on industry, and its associated materials. The book will be of interest to a wide variety of readers including professionals in radiation medicine, industrial processes, food preservation, and agriculture.
| Author | : Keith A. Olive |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 660 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9812776311 |
The symposium and workshop OC Continuous Advances in QCD / ArkadyfestOCO was the fifth in the series of meetings organized by the William I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute at the University of Minnesota. This meeting brought together leading researchers in high-energy physics to exchange the latest ideas in QCD and gauge theories at strong coupling at large. It honored the 60th birthday of Professor Arkady Vainshtein, and the papers included in this proceedings volume also look back on the history of the subjects in which Arkady played such a central role: applications of PCAC, penguins, invisible axions, QCD sum rules, exact beta functions, condensates in supersymmetry, powerful heavy quark expansions, and new anomalies in 2D SUSY theories. The current status of these subjects was summarized in several excellent presentations that also outlined a historical perspective. A number of papers from leading researchers in the field present new developments and ideas in modern areas of study, such as the cosmological constant problem in extra-dimension theories, supersymmetric monopoles, solitons and confinement, AdS/CFT correspondence, and high density QCD. Contents: Perturbative and Nonperturbative QCD: Electromagnetic Form Factor of the Pion (H Leutwyler); Multiple Uses of the QCD Instantons (E V Shuryak); CP-Violation and Mixing in Charmed Mesons (A A Petrov); General Aspects of QCD and the Standard Model: Probing New Physics: From Charm to Superstrings (M K Gaillard); Dynamics of QCD in a Strong Magnetic Field (V A Miransky); On Mixed Phases in Gauge Theories (V L Chernyak); Gauge Dynamics at High Temperature and Density: What QCD Tells Us About Nature (F Wilczek); Domain Walls and Strings in Dense Quark Matter (A R Zhitnitsky); Topological Field Configurations, Dynamics in Supersymmetric Models, and Theoretical Issues: Non-Abelian Monopoles, Vortices and Confinement (K Konishi); Nonperturbative Solution of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories (J R Hiller); Testing ADS/CFT Correspondence with Wilson Loops (K Zarembo); Cosmology and Axions: Axions: Past, Present, and Future (M Srednicki); QCD Vacuum and Axions: What''s Happening? (G Gabadadze & M Shifman); Arkadyfest: Arkady in Siberia (E Shuryak); Of a Superior Breed (V Zelevinsky); Reminiscences in Pastels (M Shifman); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students and researchers in high-energy and theoretical physics."
