Low GWP (A2L) Refrigerant Safety

Low GWP (A2L) Refrigerant Safety
Author: Jason Obrzut, CMHE
Publisher: ESCO Institute
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2021-02-22
Genre: Education
ISBN: 193004481X

As the HVACR industry continues to move forward and innovate, the refrigerants that were once so commonplace are now being phased out. Replacing them are more energy efficient, environmentally friendlier refrigerants, known as Low GWP refrigerants. Many of these new refrigerants are classified by ASHRAE as A2L, or slightly flammable. The industry is also seeing expanded use of some hydrocarbon (A3) refrigerants, such as propane and isobutane. Students and technicians will require additional training for the safe handling and transportation of these refrigerants. The Low GWP refrigerant program manual covers: Refrigerant safety Introduction to Low GWP refrigerants Refrigerant properties and characteristics The refrigeration cycle Working with refrigerant blends Proper installation and service guidelines Flammable refrigerant considerations Explanation of the associated codes and standards for A2L refrigerants

CFCs

CFCs
Author:
Publisher: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Total Pages: 272
Release: 1989
Genre: Science
ISBN:

Universal R-410A Safety & Training

Universal R-410A Safety & Training
Author: John Tomczyk
Publisher: ESCO Press
Total Pages: 102
Release: 2002-04-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1930044631

Universal R-410A Safety & Training covers the necessary training and practical knowledge to safely service systems containing R-410A and R-407C, the R-22 phase-out, appropriate refrigerant and oil applications, service techniques, and safe handling of R-410A.

Refrigeration units in marine vessels

Refrigeration units in marine vessels
Author: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Total Pages: 80
Release: 2019-04-02
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9289359412

Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.

Guide to Refrigeration CFC's

Guide to Refrigeration CFC's
Author: Carl E. Salas
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Total Pages: 274
Release: 1992
Genre: Science
ISBN:

This timely guide brings together in one convenient source the information you need to assess CFC-related alternatives, requirements, and restrictions. The information presented will enable you to assess how the mandated phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) will impact your own operations. You'll find out what regulations and guidelines currently impact CFC use, including the revised Clean Air Act, Montreal Protocols, and state and local regulations - and what changes and enforcement policies are likely in the future. You'll find out what refrigeration alternatives are available, as well as what costs and risks are associated with each. You'll learn what factors you must take into account in selecting new equipment such as chillers, screw compressors, and heat pumps. Technologies for CFC recycling, reclamation, and reuse are also detailed. Loaded with both practical information and technical details, this reference will guide the reader in addressing difficult questions, assessing complex alternatives, and developing the optimum long-term strategy for meeting the challenge of CFC phaseout.