Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government
Author: United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher: Lulu.com
Total Pages: 88
Release: 2019-03-24
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 0359541828

Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.

Spying on Democracy

Spying on Democracy
Author: Heidi Boghosian
Publisher: City Lights Books
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2013-07-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0872866033

Until the watershed leak of top-secret documents by Edward Snowden to the Guardian UK and the Washington Post, most Americans did not realize the extent to which our government is actively acquiring personal information from telecommunications companies and other corporations. As made startlingly clear, the National Security Agency (NSA) has collected information on every phone call Americans have made over the past seven years. In that same time, the NSA and the FBI have gained the ability to access emails, photos, audio and video chats, and additional content from Google, Facebook, Yahoo, Microsoft, YouTube, Skype, Apple, and others, allegedly in order to track foreign targets. In Spying on Democracy, Heidi Boghosian documents the disturbing increase in surveillance of ordinary citizens and the danger it poses to our privacy, our civil liberties, and to the future of democracy itself. Boghosian reveals how technology is being used to categorize and monitor people based on their associations, their movements, their purchases, and their perceived political beliefs. She shows how corporations and government intelligence agencies mine data from sources as diverse as surveillance cameras and unmanned drones to iris scans and medical records, while combing websites, email, phone records and social media for resale to third parties, including U.S. intelligence agencies. The ACLU's Michael German says of the examples shown in Boghosian's book, "this unrestrained spying is inevitably used to suppress the most essential tools of democracy: the press, political activists, civil rights advocates and conscientious insiders who blow the whistle on corporate malfeasance and government abuse." Boghosian adds, “If the trend is permitted to continue, we will soon live in a society where nothing is confidential, no information is really secure, and our civil liberties are under constant surveillance and control.” Spying on Democracy is a timely, invaluable, and accessible primer for anyone concerned with protecting privacy, freedom, and the U.S. Constitution. "Everyone of us is under the omniscient magnifying glass of the government and corporate spies. . . . How do we respond to this smog of surveillance? Start by reading Spying on Democracy: Government Surveillance, Corporate Power, and Public Resistance by Heidi Boghosian" —Bill Moyers "With ex-CIA staffer Edward Snowden’s leaks about National Security Agency surveillance in the headlines, Heidi Boghosian’s Spying on Democracy: Government Surveillance, Corporate Power, and Public Resistance feels especially timely. Boghosian reveals how the government acquires information from telecommunications companies and other organizations to create databases about 'persons of interest.'” —Publishers Weekly "Heidi Boghosian's Spying on Democracy is the answer to the question, 'if you're not doing anything wrong, why should you care if someone's watching you?'" —Michael German, Senior Policy Counsel, ACLU and former FBI agent Heidi Boghosian, a lawyer, is the executive director of the A.J. Muste Memorial Institute and co-hosts the weekly civil liberties radio program, "Law and Disorder," which airs on Pacifica's WBAI in New York and on over 50 national affiliate stations around the country. She has published numerous articles and reports on policing, protest, and the First Amendment, including The Policing of Political Speech (National Lawyers Guild 2010), Applying Restraints to Private Police (Missouri Law Review 2005), and The Assault on Free Speech, Public Assembly, and Dissent (North River Press 2004). Her book reviews have been published in The Federal Lawyer and the New York Law Journal. She is formerly the Executive Director of the National Lawyers Guild, a progressive Bar Association established in 1937.She received her JD from Temple Law School where she was editor-in-chief of the Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review. She also holds an MS from Boston University College of Communication and a BA from Brown University.

Private Security and the Law

Private Security and the Law
Author: Charles Nemeth
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 489
Release: 2004-10-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0080525091

Private Security and the Law, Third Edition is a textbook analysis of significant practices in the security industry that relate to law, regulation, licensure and constitutional dilemmas according to case and statutory authority. It is a treatise on the state of the law that governs the security industry and its operatives. The book fills the void that an increasing number of institutions are seeking as they expand their security programs in response to the growing demand for security education. This book delivers up to date information on the legal requirements witnessed by most security firms. It also explores the liability problems common to security operations, including negligence and tortious liability, civil actions commonly litigated, and strategies to avoid troublesome causes of action that effect business efficiency. From another angle, the work examines the constitutional and due process dimensions of private security work and affords the reader a look at how case law applies certain remedies to wronged parties. Recent cases, and the trends sure to follow, are highlighted throughout the text. Finally, the text is filled with checklists, data and other useful information that aids the security practitioner in applying theory to practice. This book will appeal to students in security and criminal justice programs; private security consultants; corporate security managers; and lawyers. * Up to date case law analysis provides cutting edge legal treatment of evolving standards* Complicated material is presented in a down-to-earth, readable style, perfect for the student of security or security professional* Over 200 tables and illustrations allow the reader speedy access to precise data

Private Security

Private Security
Author: Charles P. Nemeth
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 959
Release: 2022-12-28
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1000711943

Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice, Second Edition explains foundational security principles—defining terms and outlining the increasing scope of security in daily life—while reflecting current practices of private security as an industry and profession. The book looks at the development and history of the industry, outlines fundamental security principles, and the growing dynamic and overlap that exists between the private sector security and public safety and law enforcement—especially since the events of 9/11. Chapters focus on current practice, reflecting the technology-driven, fast-paced, global security environment. Such topics covered include security law and legal issues, risk management, physical security, human resources and personnel considerations, investigations, institutional and industry-specific security, crisis and emergency planning, computer, and information security. A running theme of this edition is highlighting—where appropriate—how security awareness, features, and applications have permeated all aspects of our modern lives. Key Features: Provides current best practices detailing the skills that professionals, in the diverse and expanding range of career options, need to succeed in the field Outlines the unique role of private sector security companies as compared to federal and state law enforcement responsibilities Includes key terms, learning objectives, end of chapter questions, Web exercises, and numerous references—throughout the book—to enhance student learning Critical infrastructure protection and terrorism concepts, increasingly of interest and relevant to the private sector, are referenced throughout the book. Threat assessment and information sharing partnerships between private security entities public sector authorities—at the state and federal levels—are highlighted. Private Security, Second Edition takes a fresh, practical approach to the private security industry’s role and impact in a dynamic, ever-changing threat landscape.