Guidelines For Diagnosing And Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis Among People Living With Hiv
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| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789240006430 |
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5-15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV. Although the burden of disease is concentrated in the Americas, the recommendations presented within these guidelines are applicable globally. These guidelines were produced in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development. The Guideline Development Group elaborated the final recommendations based on a systematic review of scientific literature and critical evaluation of the evidence available using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. These guidelines are intended for health-care providers, HIV program managers, policy-makers, national treatment advisory boards, researchers, and other professionals involved in caring for people who either have or may be at risk of developing disseminated histoplasmosis.
| Author | : Pan American Pan American Health Organization |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2020-06-18 |
| Genre | : Child health services |
| ISBN | : 9789275122495 |
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5-15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV. Although the burden of disease is concentrated in the Americas, the recommendations presented within these guidelines are applicable globally. These guidelines were produced in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development. The Guideline Development Group elaborated the final recommendations based on a systematic review of scientific literature and critical evaluation of the evidence available using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. These guidelines are intended for health-care providers, HIV program managers, policy-makers, national treatment advisory boards, researchers, and other professionals involved in caring for people who either have or may be at risk of developing disseminated histoplasmosis.
| Author | : Diego H. Caceres |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017 |
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| ISBN | : |
Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis diagnosis among people living with HIV/AIDS: the impact of using rapid diagnostics tests in Panama, 2017Objectives: The immunosuppression that characterizes people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) promotes the development of opportunistic infections (OI). Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) and tuberculosis (TB) are co-infections reported frequently among PLHA in Latin America. This study describes the impact of the use of rapid diagnostics tests (RDTs) for OI detection in Panama.Methods: Between May 2017 and September 2017, a cohort of PLHA with clinical suspicion of PDH were prospectively identified at the Santo Tomas Hospital in Panama City, Panama. Urine samples were collected prior to treatment and tested using a commercial monoclonal Histoplasma galactomannan (HGM) antigen capture ELISA (IMMYu00ae, Norman, OK, USA) and The Alere Determineu2122 TB LAM (Alereu2122, Waltham, MA, USA), an immunochromatographic dipstick assay for detection of Mycobacterium lipoarabinomannan (TB-LAM). Results: A total of 174 patients were identified with clinical suspicion of PDH with a median CD4 of 51 CD4 cells/u00b5l and a viral load of 143,615 copies/ml. Urinary HGM was detected in 48 of 174 (28%) patients and urinary TB-LAM was detected in 39 of 174 (22%) patients. Concomitant HGM/TB-LAM was present in 18 of 174 (10%) patients, in whom a median CD4 of 34 cells/u00b5l was observed. Based on antigen result, we observed that in the 48 patients with positive HGM, 18 (38%) tested positive for TB-LAM. Likewise, in 18 of the 39 (46%) patients with positive urinary TB-LAM tested positive for HGM. Conclusion: We found a high proportion of PLHIV patients with PDH and TB. At least one opportunistic infection, such as PDH and TB, should be suspected in patients with an altered immune system like HIV/ADIS. Due to the similarity in the clinical presentation of PDH and TB, provision of adequate treatment is challenging. Rapid and accurate OI diagnosis can ensure proper treatment is provided adequately and timely to reduce mortality among PLHIV.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 592 |
| Release | : 2021-07-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9240031596 |
These consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring bring together existing and new clinical and programmatic recommendations across different ages, populations and settings, bringing together all relevant WHO guidance on HIV produced since 2016. It serves as an update to the previous edition of the consolidated guidelines on HIV. These guidelines continue to be structured along the continuum of HIV care. Information on new combination prevention approaches, HIV testing, ARV regimens and treatment monitoring are included. There is a new chapter on advanced HIV disease that integrates updated guidance on the management of important HIV comorbidities, including cryptococcal disease, histoplasmosis and tuberculosis. The chapter on general HIV care, contains a new section on palliative care and pain management, and up to date information on treatment of several neglected tropical diseases, such as visceral leishmaniasis and Buruli ulcer. New recommendations for screening and treating of cervical pre-cancer lesions in women living with HIV are also addressed in this chapter. Guidance on service delivery was expanded to help the implementation and strengthening the HIV care cascade. Importantly, this guidance emphasizes the need for differentiated approaches to care for people who are established on ART, such as reduced frequency of clinic visits, use of multi-month drug dispensing and implementation of community ART distribution. The adoption of these efficiencies is essential to improve the quality of care of people receiving treatment and reduce the burden on health facilities, particularly in resource limited settings.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 442 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9241548371 |
The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 2024-01-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9240084959 |
Advanced HIV disease (defined in persons living with HIV with a CD4 cell count of 200cells/mm3 or presenting with a WHO Stage 3/4 AIDS-defining illness) poses a challenge to many countries globally and is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV. In 2017, WHO recommended a package of care for the prevention and management of advanced HIV disease. The package was composed of screening tests, diagnostics, prophylaxis, rapid antiretroviral therarpy initiation and enhanced adherence counselling.brThe key screening and diagnostics tests are for the identification of tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, histoplasmosis, and importantly, the assessment of CD4 cell count.brSupporting healthcare workers, national programmes as well as representatives of civil society in improving their understanding of how best to implement these interventions is critical for better uptake, thus improving outcomes for people living with HIV.brThis policy brief summarizes key information on the use of these interventions, based on existing WHO guidelines and recommendations.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2021-03-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9240022236 |
These guidelines provide new and updated recommendations on the use of point-of-care testing in children under 18 months of age and point-of-care tests to monitor treatment in people living with HIV; the treatment monitoring algorithm; and timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV who are being treated for tuberculosis. WHO is currently in the process of collating all HIV normative guidance developed since 2016 in order to publish the third edition of the consolidated HIV guidelines in July 2021. This updated version will include the new clinical guidance presented here.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 90 |
| Release | : 2024-04-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9240087001 |
Addressing comorbidities and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) is a crucial component of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s End TB Strategy. These consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities summarize the latest WHO recommendations on TB and key comorbidities. It is a living document and will include a separate section for each of the key TB comorbidities or health-related risk factors. This first edition focuses on interventions to address HIV-associated TB and is an update of the WHO policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities: guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders. People with HIV are 12–16 times more likely to develop TB disease, have poorer TB treatment outcomes and have three-fold higher mortality during TB treatment compared to people without HIV. Despite advances in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB disease, TB remains the leading cause of death among people with HIV worldwide. These consolidated guidelines are intended for use by people working in ministries of health, particularly TB programmes and the relevant departments or programmes responsible for comorbidities and health-related risk factors for TB, as well as programmes addressing mental health and lung health, implementing partners including technical and funding agencies, civil society and representatives of affected communities, clinicians and public health practitioners.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2021-01-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9240019103 |
| Author | : Luke S. P. Moore |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 257 |
| Release | : 2019-12-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1316609715 |
A key resource for FRCPath and MRCP trainees, mapped to the current curriculum, using over 300 exam-style Q&A.
