Unemployment, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Economic Growth

Unemployment, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Economic Growth
Author: Mr.Bob Rowthorn
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 39
Release: 1999-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451846304

This paper discusses the influence of economic growth on the equilibrium unemployment rate (NAIRU). It examines how income distribution and the NAIRU are influenced by capital formation, technical progress, and labor force expansion, and how these factors’ impact depends on the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The paper distinguishes between the short-run NAIRU when capital stock is exogenous, and the long-run NAIRU when it is endogenous. It also considers how the analysis must be modified to take into account Keynesian ideas concerning the role of aggregate demand. It concludes that unless the capital stock grows in line with labor supply in efficiency units, the short-run NAIRU will increase, reducing the scope for demand stimulation.

The 4% Solution

The 4% Solution
Author: The Bush Institute
Publisher: Currency
Total Pages: 370
Release: 2012-07-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0307986144

Foreword by President George W. Bush With contributions from world renowned economists and Nobel prizewinners, The 4% Solution is a blueprint for restoring America’s economic health The United States is reaching a pivotal point in its economic history. Millions of Americans owe more on their homes than they are worth, long-term unemployment is alarmingly high, and the Congressional Budget Office is projecting a sustainable growth rate of only 2.3%—a full percentage point below the average for the past sixty years. Unless a turnaround comes quickly, the United States could be mired in debt for years to come and millions of Americans will be pushed to the sidelines of the economy. The 4% Solution offers clear and unflinching ideas on how to revive America’s economy. It sets a positive economic goal and asks some of the top economic minds on how to achieve it. With a focus on removing government constraints, The 4% Solution defines the policies that will allow Americans to save, invest, and create the jobs that the United States needs. The 4% Solution draws on the best minds in the business, including five Nobel laureates: · Robert E. Lucas, Jr., on the history and future of economic growth · Gary S. Becker on why we need immigrants in order to grow · Edward Prescott on the cost (to growth) of the welfare state · Vernon Smith on why housing leads us into and out of recessions · Myron Scholes on why we need to innovate in order to grow the economy

Precautionary Savings in the Great Recession

Precautionary Savings in the Great Recession
Author: Mr.Ashoka Mody
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2012-02-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1463936435

Heightened uncertainty since the onset of the Great Recession has materially increased saving rates, contributing to lower consumption and GDP growth. Consistent with a model of precautionary savings in the face of uncertainty, we find for a panel of advanced economies that greater labor income uncertainty is significantly associated with higher household savings. These results are robust to controlling for other determinants of saving rates, including wealth-to-income ratios, the government fiscal balance, demographics, credit conditions, and global growth and financial stress. Our estimates imply that at least two-fifths of the sharp increase in household saving rates between 2007 and 2009 can be attributed to the precautionary savings motive.

Growth, Unemployment, Distribution and Government

Growth, Unemployment, Distribution and Government
Author: V. Borooah
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 196
Release: 1996-08-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0230373003

The purpose of this book is to set out in a comprehensive, but succinct manner, the key points surrounding four economic issues that generate, today, much discussion and debate. These are the issues of growth, unemployment, distribution and government. It is aimed at an audience that is sufficiently interested in economic issues to read a book that sets out these issues clearly, comprehensively and above all, seriously. This has implications for both the style and the content of the book. Clarity requires that the arguments be presented coherently, without resort to jargon. Comprehensiveness requires a wide perspective embracing theoretical, empirical and policy matters. Lastly, seriousness requires that the most up-to-date thinking on economic matters is presented in digestible form, but without violence to the integrity of the original arguments. Achieving this trinity of objectives has been the primary aim of this book.

Technological Progress, Income Distribution, and Unemployment

Technological Progress, Income Distribution, and Unemployment
Author: Hideyuki Adachi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2019-01-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9811337268

This volume develops original methods of analyzing biased technological progress in the theory and empirics of economic growth and income distribution. Motivated by sharp increases in wage and income inequalities in the world since the beginning of the new century, many macroeconomists have begun to realize the importance of biased technological changes. However, the comprehensive explanations have not yet appeared. This volume analyzes the effects of factor-biased technological progress on growth and income distribution and shows that long-run trends of the capital-income ratio and capital share of income consistent with Piketty’s 2014 empirical results emerge. Incorporating the modified version of induced innovation theory into the standard neoclassical growth model, it also explains the long-run fluctuations of growth and income distribution consistent with the data shown in Piketty. Introducing a wage-setting function, the neoclassical growth model is modified to account for unemployment as well as to examine the dynamics of unemployment and the labor share of income under biased technological progress. Applying a new econometric method to Japanese industrial data, the authors test the key assumptions employed and important results derived in the theoretical part of this book.

Growth, Productivity, Unemployment

Growth, Productivity, Unemployment
Author: Robert M. Solow
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 262
Release: 1990
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780262041102

The essays in this book extend and elaborate on many of the important ideas Solow has either originated or developed in the past three decades.

Innovation, Unemployment, and Policy in the Theories of Growth and Distribution

Innovation, Unemployment, and Policy in the Theories of Growth and Distribution
Author: Neri Salvadori
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2005-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781845428167

This book will appeal to upper level students, scholars and researchers of economics and economic growth as well as those more specifically involved in labour, microeconomics and the history of economic thought.

The Economic Future of American Families

The Economic Future of American Families
Author: Frank Levy
Publisher: The Urban Insitute
Total Pages: 162
Release: 1991
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780877664871

This book analyzes the way families fared in the turbulent economy of the 1970s and 1980s, and a guess about the way today's younger families will manage the next few decades. According to Levy and Michel, each generation of workers is on its own "income track." Initially incomes are heavily influenced by the size of the age group, but later average incomes are influenced by growth in overall business productivity, changes in unemployment rates, average education levels and, for workers who do not go to college, the availability of manufacturing jobs. The authors estimated these relationships for past generations, and project income growth for baby-boom males who entered the labor force in the mid-1970s. They offer familiar remedies to spur productivity growth: raising average skill levels, and increasing personal savings. ISBN 0-87766-486-2: $31.50.