Growth Poverty And Inequality Effects Of Trade Reforms In Ethiopia
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Author | : Seid Yimer |
Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2012-07 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783659165818 |
A sizable amount of research has been devoted to examine the short-term impacts of free trade on developing countries. Most of these studies, however, used partial equilibrium analysis and empirical results even become more complicated when openness is a measure of trade liberalization. To consider the interdependencies of various markets, static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is widely used in most of the previous studies. But, the application of dynamic CGE is very scarce in African countries and the long -term consequences of trade policy reforms receive less attention. This study addresses two pertinent research gaps in the literature- focuses on the dynamic CGE to consider the dynamic effects of capital accumulation on poverty and income distribution in the medium run and captures the multiplier effects on the different sectors and income groups. In particular, this line of research is relevant for developing world given that less restrictive tariff and non-tariff barriers since early 1990's and more than 25% of the population is below the poverty line in 2005. The study offers quantitative evidence of the trade-growth-poverty linkage in Ethiopia.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789287042323 |
The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth, poverty reduction and trade, and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO, the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs, improve the enabling environment, implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy, better manage risks faced by the poor, and improve data used for policy-making.
Author | : Solomon Tsehay Feleke |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783823617112 |
Author | : Ann Harrison |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 674 |
Release | : 2007-11-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226318001 |
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Author | : Charles Ackah |
Publisher | : IDRC |
Total Pages | : 258 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9988647360 |
Citing a paucity of empirical evidence on the poverty and distributional impacts of trade policy reform in Ghana as the main motivation for this volume, the editors (both of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the U. of Ghana) present eleven papers that combine theory and econometric analysis in an effort to assess linkages between globalization, trade, and poverty (including gendered aspects). Specific topics examined include manufacturing employment and wage effects of trade liberalization; the influence of education on trade liberalization impacts on household welfare; trade liberalization and manufacturing firm productivity; the impact of elimination of trade taxes on poverty and income distribution; food prices, tax reforms, and consumer welfare under trade liberalization; impacts on tariff revenues; and impacts on cash cropping, gender, and household welfare; Distributed in the US by Stylus. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author | : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 2015-06-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513547437 |
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author | : Kishor Sharma |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 298 |
Release | : 2006-04-18 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1134261845 |
In recent years, globalization has been the subject of considerable research and comment. A major phenomenon, it is open to a variety of interpretations. In particular, the debate over trade liberalization, growth and inequality has come under close scrutiny as demonstrations against globalization have gathered pace. This volume provides a much needed comparative study of the link between globalization, growth and inequality. It assesses how globalization affects growth, inequality and poverty in developing and transition countries. Paying particular attention to eleven low and middle income countries, the authors argue that globalization can actually help reduce poverty and inequity when institutions and physical infrastructures are efficient. Divided into four parts, the book documents the lessons drawn from case studies on Africa, Latin America and Central Asia. A fascinating book which sheds light on many globalization issues, Trade, Growth and Inequality in the Era of Globalization will be of interest to students and researchers of development economics, globalization and international trade.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Bienestar economico y social |
ISBN | : |
One side in the current debate about who benefits from growth has focused solely on average impacts on poverty and inequality, while the other side has focused on the diverse welfare impacts found beneath the averages. Both sides have a point.
Author | : Samson Dejene Aredo |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 48 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Using a CGE model, this study analyses the impact of trade liberalization on poverty at the household level taking Ethiopia as a case. Two scenarios (complete tariff cut and uniform tariff scheme) suggest that further liberalization of trade has little short-run effect on the overall economy. However, the agriculture-based manufacturing sector (in particular, textile and leather) is likely to be strongly affected by further tariff reduction. Reductions in import prices of textiles and leather products increase imports of these goods implying that trade liberalization is likely to dampen domestic production of textile and leather products. Poverty shows a slight increase in both scenarios. At the national level, a complete tariff cut results in an increase in poverty by 2.8 percent, while a uniform tariff scheme raises poverty by 2.3 percent. Similarly, it is found that poverty gap and poverty severity indices show a slight increase. Comparing the effect of trade reform on different household groups, i.e. farm households, wage earner households and entrepreneur households, poverty in entrepreneur households increases by a higher percentage change (3.2 percent) in the complete tariff cut scenario. Poverty incidence increases by 1.7 and 1.5 percent for farm households and wage earners, respectively, under the complete tariff cut scenario. This comparison holds consistently when looking at the more realistic uniform tariff scheme. Entrepreneur households are at a disadvantage due to trade liberalization shown in the poverty gap and poverty severity indices. This is consistent with the theoretical argument that previously protected infant industries are highly affected by trade liberalization.
Author | : Marcelo Olarreaga |
Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 2007-11-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 081573672X |
A Brookings Institution Press and Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and Sciences-Po, Paris publication This thoughtful volume assesses the likely impact of reformed trade policies on the poorest of the poor—those on the bottom economic rungs in developing nations. The focus on a spectrum of poor nations across different regions provides some helpful and hopeful guidelines regarding the likely impacts of a global trade reform, agreed upon under the auspices of the World Trade Organization, as well as the impact of such reforms on economic development. In order to facilitate lesson-drawing across different regions, each country study utilizes a similar methodology. They combine information on trade policy at the product level with income and consumption data at the household level, thus capturing effects both on the macro level and in individual households where development policies ideally should improve day-to-day life. This uniformity of research approach across the country studies allows for a deeper and more robust comparison of results.