Growth Factors And Cytokines In Skeletal Muscle Development Growth Regeneration And Disease
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| Author | : Jason White |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 197 |
| Release | : 2016-03-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319275119 |
This book describes the diverse roles that growth factors and cytokines play in skeletal muscle. The extracellular environment has profound effects on the biology of skeletal muscle. The soluble portion of this environment includes a rich milieu of growth factors and cytokines which have been shown to regulate virtually all facets of the response of skeletal muscle to external stimuli, whether it be exercise induced metabolic shifts, remodeling in response to trauma or loading of the ongoing pathology associated with neuromuscular disease. The chapters included in this work illustrate growth factors that directly affect skeletal muscle cells and those which influence non-muscle cells that contribute to the biology of skeletal muscle as a whole tissue. The current state of the art, with the advent of systems biology, allows for the delineation of signaling networks which are regulated by suites of growth factors. This is in stark contrast to early more traditional studies, which only examined the effects of isolated growth factors on the activity of skeletal muscle precursor cells in tissue culture. The work presented in this volume ranges from reviewing and analyzing the roles of individual growth factors in detail, to the complex interplay of multiple soluble factors in the control of muscle functional, and dysfunctional states. The material covered in this volume will particularly suit readers from a range of research fields spanning general muscle biology and physiology, and those working on diseases and conditions affecting skeletal muscle both directly and indirectly.
| Author | : Stefano Schiaffino |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2008-01-18 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1402067682 |
Since the middle of the last century we have progressively built up a comprehensive descriptive model of the allied mechanisms that maintain our muscles at a size and strength appropriate to the functional demands upon them and that rapidly repair damaged muscles. This volume is an assemblage of the collective experience from the pick of major research groups investigating these aspects of muscle cell biology. It provides up-to-date coverage and presents a broad range of topics.
| Author | : John Basil Kurek |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 504 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Interleukin-6 |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Pura Muñoz-Cánoves |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 2016-06-29 |
| Genre | : Biology (General) |
| ISBN | : 2889198669 |
Adult stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration and repair throughout life. Their quiescence or activation are tightly regulated by common signalling pathways that often recapitulate those happening during embryonic development, and thus it is important to understand their regulation not only in postnatal life, but also during foetal development. In this regard, skeletal muscle is an interesting tissue since it accounts for a large percentage of body mass (about 40%), it is highly amenable to intervention through exercise and it is also key in metabolic and physiological changes underlying frailty susceptibility in the elderly. While muscle-resident satellite cells are responsible for all myogenic activity in physiological conditions and become senescent in old age, other progenitor cells such as mesoangioblasts do seem to contribute to muscle regeneration and repair after tissue damage. Similarly, fibro-adipogenic precursor cells seem to be key in the aberrant response that fills up the space left from atrophied muscle mass and which ends up with a dysfunctional muscle having vast areas of fatty infiltration and fibrosis. The complex interplay between these stem/progenitor cell types and their niches in normal and pathological conditions throughout life are the subjects of intense investigation. This eBook highlights recent developments on the role of stem cells in skeletal muscle function, both in prenatal and postnatal life, and their regulation by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, it includes articles on interventions associated with exercise, pathological changes in neuromuscular diseases, and stem cell aging.
| Author | : Jonathan David Schertzer |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 692 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Cytokines |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Andreas Habenicht |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 484 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642748562 |
Leading international experts contribute to this selection of reviews covering the merging fields of growth factors, differentiation factors, and cytokines. These appear to play fundamental roles in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes that include the regulation of growth in normal and malignant cells, embryogenesis, the immune response, wound healing, inflammation, and atherogenesis. The major aspects of recent research and development are discussed, providing an important update in this pioneering field.
| Author | : Junjie Xiao |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 618 |
| Release | : 2018-11-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811314357 |
The book addresses the development of muscle atrophy, which can be caused by denervation, disuse, excessive fasting, aging, and a variety of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney diseases and cancers. Muscle atrophy reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality worldwide. The book is divided into five parts, the first of which describes the general aspects of muscle atrophy including its characteristics, related economic and health burdens, and the current clinical therapy. Secondly, basic aspects of muscle atrophy including the composition, structure and function of skeletal muscle, muscle changes in response to atrophy, and experimental models are summarized. Thirdly, the book reviews the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, including protein degradation and synthesis pathways, noncoding RNAs, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondria signaling, etc. Fourthly, it highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy in aging and disease. The book’s fifth and final part covers the diagnosis, treatment strategies, promising agents and future prospects of muscle atrophy. The book will appeal to a broad readership including scientists, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology.
| Author | : Xuehui Li |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Extracellular matrix |
| ISBN | : |
Abstract: Muscle development is a highly organized process, regulated by interactions between muscle cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. The ECM through its regulation of growth factors plays a pivotal role in muscle growth and development. Transforming growth factor-[beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1) is a potent inhibitor of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Decorin, one of components in the ECM, binds to TGF-[beta]1 and modulates muscle cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1. The TGF-[beta]1 signal is carried by Smad proteins into the cell nucleus, resulting in an inhibition of the expression of certain myogenic regulatory factors. In addition, TGF-[beta]1 affects expression of cell [beta]1 integrin adhesion receptor that is involved in cell adhesion and survival. However, the mechanism by which these factors interact and the signaling pathway is largely unknown. To address this mechanism, both in vitro and in vivo studies were preformed. In vitro studies showed that TGF-[beta]1 reduced both decorin and [beta]1 integrin expression, and altered the localization of [beta]1 integrin in satellite cells. Decorin plays a negative role in the TGF-[beta]1-dependent signaling pathway in terms of inhibiting satellite cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation. Decreased expression of [beta]1 integrin is likely involved in the programmed cell death or apoptotic effect of TGF-[beta]1 on muscle cells through regulating focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin, was inhibited by TGF-[beta]1 through Smad3-mediated pathway, resulting in decreased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies investigated the function of TGF-[beta]1 on the expression and localization of [beta]1 integrin and decorin during muscle formation by injection of TGF-[beta]1 into the developing chicken embryo. In addition, the muscle cells from Low Score Normal (LSN) chicken, genetic muscle weakness, showed a different cellular responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1 compared to the normal, which suggests a complex mechanism involved in the LSN condition. This study provides new information on the role of the TGF-[beta]1-ECM signaling pathway in muscle growth and development, which will not only be critical to the domestic animal industries, but also benefit human health in terms of the repair and regeneration of muscle with age.
| Author | : Randall Scott Frey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 550 |
| Release | : 1994 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Alexander Mauro |
| Publisher | : Raven Press (ID) |
| Total Pages | : 584 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
