Text extracted from opening pages of book: GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN An Authorized Biography BY ROBERT MCELROY, PH. D., LL. D., F. R. H. S. EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY VOLUME II HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON MCMXXIII CONTENTS VOLUME II CKAWtt I. THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN- HE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW i II. BLOCKING MANIFEST DESTINY IN HAWAII ... 45 III. BREAKING THE ENDLESS CHAIN- THE FOUR BOND ISSUES 74 IV. THE WILSON-GORMAN TARIFF 107 V. THE PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1894 138 VI, THE VENEZUELAN AFFAIR 173 VII. THE WARWICK OF 1896 203 VIII. THE FOUR LEAN MONTHS 238 IX. RETIRES TO PRINCETON 256 X. WATCHING THE GAME FROM THE SIDE LINES . . .271 XI. THE TURN OF THE TIDE 301 XII. THE ELECTION OF 1904 321 XIII. REORGANIZING THE EQUITABLE 350 XIV. SUNSET DAYS 365 INDEX 417 GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN GROVER CLEVELAND CHAPTER I THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN THE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW Patriotism is no substitute for a sound currency GROVER CLEVELAND. THE election of November, 1892, placed Grover Cleveland in a position unique in American his tory. He was the only President ever re-elected after a defeat. Furthermore, he was the first President-elect since 1840 who was manifestly a greater political figure than any man whom he could conceivably select for his Cabinet Harrison and Tyler had been outclassed by many leaders in their own party. James K. Polk had his Wil liam L. Marcy, his Robert J. Walker, his George Ban croft; Zachary Taylor, his John M. Clayton, Reverdy Johnson, and Thomas Ewing; Franklin Pierce, to his own generation, looked small beside Marcy, Guthrie, and Caleb Gushing; and James Buchanan was clearlyeclipsed by Lewis Cass. Lincoln started his presidential career with both Seward and Chase to overshadow him. Andrew Johnson was outclassed in the public mind by most of the Cabinet which he inherited from Lincoln. Grant, though eminent as a soldier, was politically of small stature beside Elihu Washburn or Hamilton Fish. Hayes was dwarfed by Evarts, Sherman, and Carl 2 GROVER CLEVELAND Schurz. Elaine, as Secretary of State, completely over topped both Garfield and Arthur, while Cleveland him self in 1884 was far less eminent than either Tilden or Thomas F. Bayard. But with Grover Cleveland's resto ration, the older and better tradition was resumed, for, with the single exception of Monroe's first term, every administration down to that of William Henry Harri son had begun with a President more eminent than any of his advisers. In addition to this personal prestige, Mr. Cleveland returned to power with the added advantage of being the first President since Pierce whose party was in a posi tion to control both Senate and Congress. During his first term Congress had been Democratic; but the Re publicans had controlled the Senate, and from that strong hold had wrought havoc upon many of his cherished plans. Now, however, for a brief but satisfying period, he found himself riding the crest of the wave, his tri umphant party eagerly hailing him chief, and even the Republicans admitting that he had qualities. In the House of Representatives he was entitled to expect the support of two hundred and nineteen out of a membership of three hundred and fifty-five, with one seat vacant. Out of a Senate of eighty-eight the Demo crats numbered forty-four, while the three seats yet to be filled gavethem hope of a majority, especially as the five Populist Senators might reasonably be expected to train with them. To all appearances, therefore, Mr. Cleveland could count upon the support of both Houses, and but for the break in his own party when the testing time came, he might have commanded the storm for many a day. When ready to choose his Cabinet, Mr. Cleveland felt it wise to select new men who would bring new points THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN 3 of view and new suggestions to bear upon the problems confronting the country. And so, while freely seeking the p