The tasks confronting European governments intent on innovation will need to shift from simple quantitative measures of how much (R&D, etc.) to how good such magnitudes are in augmenting competitiveness from quantity to quality. In this book, the editors and their contributors move the debate on to concerns over the effectiveness of innovation. This is not just a matter of making linkages among increasingly diverse players, but of making these linkages themselves effective. The book takes an important step forward for innovation policy at all levels, from regional to global. Nick von Tunzelmann, University of Sussex, UK The limits of established innovation processes have become clear as nations increasingly champion innovation as a tool of the ever-important knowledge economy . This timely book analyses the effectiveness of innovation efforts, presenting challenges to the traditional approaches whilst developing more contemporary theories. Focusing on the interplay between three key players knowledge organisations, firms and the public sector this insightful volume will be invaluable to a wide-ranging audience including researchers, practitioners and students of science and technology, business and management, public policy and European studies.