Cross-border economic activity is gaining more and more importance. This is especially true for the border region between Germany and the Netherlands. The GD Tax Centre was founded to research on the taxation of such activities in 2012. The GD Tax Centre brought together renowned scientists and a significant number of emerging young talents from both sides of the border over a period of three years. This anthology represents some of the research results of the GD Tax Centre. Further research results have been made public via events, presentations or academic publications and a variety of other ways. It consists of many different articles, which mainly discuss topics of cross-border business activities and compare the tax treatment in Germany and the Netherlands. An enormous part of this book focuses on the new German-Dutch tax treaty, which hopefully will enter into force in January 2016. Additionally some articles concern a more general or even a more specific research question. This project was kindly supported by: University of Osnabrück, Tilburg University, University of Münster, PwC, Hartmann & Kiwit, De Kok, Provincie Gelderland, Provincie Overijssel, Euregio, Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Verkehr, Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Energie, Bauen, Wohnen und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Interreg Deutschland-Nederland, European Regional Development Fund.