Age is a nonreversible risk factor for atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic process begins early in life, progresses during the middle years, and usually culminates in clinical disease towards the later years of the life span. Since atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, and many of the "risk factors" are time- and age related, it has been difficult to sort out intrinsic aging from environmental factors that operate over many years. Furthermore, the role of genetic factors remains unknown. This workshop has produced much worthwhile information that is helping elucidate the impact of age on atherogenesis. Important strides have been made in understanding the role of changes in the arterial wall and of lipoproteins, platelets, and monocyte-derived macrophages in the disease process. In parallel, our understanding of the biology of aging has increased sufficiently so that these two areas of interest can now profitably intersect. The proceedings of this successful workshop emphasize that there is much to be gained by continued interaction between those scientists interested in the biology of aging at all levels and those interested in the atherosclerotic process. Hopefully, we may eventually progress in our understanding and reach the stage when atherosclerosis will no longer be an inexorable concomitant of human aging. Edwin L. Bierman, M. D. Contents Foreword V Contributors IX Participants in the Workshop XV Introduction and Statement of Research Recommendations Sandra R.