General Lucas at Anzio
Author | : Martin Blumenson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 1960 |
Genre | : Anzio Beachhead, 1944 |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Martin Blumenson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 1960 |
Genre | : Anzio Beachhead, 1944 |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Operation SHINGLE, the World War II amphibious turning movement at Anzio, placed VI Corps of the Allied 5th Army seventy miles behind the German Gustav Line defenses in central Italy. The operation's objective of cutting German lines of communication and thereby turning German defenses on the Gustav Line would force a German retreat that would liberate Rome was a failure. The American commander, Major General John P. Lucas, has been frequently maligned for failing to use greater initiative in quickly seizing the Alban Hills as soon as the Allies landed at Anzio. The assault on his military skills is not justified. Had General Lucas seized the Alban Hills, as the plan intended, he would likely have lost his entire Corps to German counterattack. This paper addresses the strategic and operational facets of the plan to seize the Alban Hills. General Lucas was probably not the best choice to lead the Anzio landing. Nevertheless, he took what would prove the best course of action to deal with the circumstances in which he found himself and VI Corps at Anzio.
Author | : Captain Stephen P. Gray |
Publisher | : Pickle Partners Publishing |
Total Pages | : 56 |
Release | : 2014-08-15 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1782897267 |
This case study analyzes the role of operational art in Allied operations at Anzio, Italy and the battle for Rome (January 22-June 4, 1944). As part of the Allied Campaign in Italy, the amphibious assault on Anzio-code-named Operation Shingle, and the subsequent drive to Rome remains one of the most controversial military operations in history. Although the Allies eventually captured Rome from the Germans, the failure to use 'operational thinking' led to a poorly planned and executed operation. Most historical accounts blame the failures at Anzio on the lack of aggressiveness by the Operation Shingle commander Major General John P. Lucas. However, when viewed in the larger context of the strategy to defeat Germany and the Allied Campaign in Italy, Operation Shingle is a showcase of failure at the operational level of war. Political rather than military considerations drove Shingle-dooming the operation from the start. Anzio demonstrates the importance of linking tactical actions to operational and strategic objectives. At the strategic level of war, the Allies had a sound strategy to defeat Germany. However, at the operational level of war, the decision to launch Shingle did not adequately assess risk. In operational design, commanders failed to define an objective, lacked sufficient mass, and did not include alternative plans based on potential enemy actions. During planning and preparation, the Allies misjudged the enemy's center of gravity and failed to exploit valuable intelligence. During execution, operational leadership lacked initiative. Finally, the complexity and tensions created by the combined operation made unity of effort difficult. These lessons should benefit future operations.
Author | : Martin Blumenson |
Publisher | : Cooper Square Press |
Total Pages | : 228 |
Release | : 2001-06-05 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1461707803 |
Anzio, a small town a mere hour's drive from Rome, became a battleground on which both Allies and Germans paid a bloody price. Planned by Churchill as a swift amphibious flanking maneuver, the 1943 battle of Anzio has been viewed by some as one of the most ill-conceived tactical operations of the Allied war effort, and by others as one of the war's singular lost opportunities. Blumenson examines the actions of the men involved, including Churchill, Eisenhower, Clark, and Montgomery, and takes into account records from Allied and German sources.
Author | : Flint Whitlock |
Publisher | : Da Capo Press |
Total Pages | : 579 |
Release | : 2018-10-30 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0306825732 |
A riveting and comprehensive account of the Battle of Anzio and the Alamo-like stand of American and British troops that turned certain defeat into victory The four-month-long 1944 battle on Italy's coast, south of Rome, was one of World War II's longest and bloodiest battles. Surrounded by Nazi Germany's most fanatical troops, American and British amphibious forces endured relentless mortar and artillery barrages, aerial bombardments, and human-wave attacks by infantry with panzers. Through it all, despite tremendous casualties, the Yanks and Tommies stood side by side, fighting with, as Winston Churchill said, "desperate valour." So intense and heroic was the fighting that British soldiers were awarded two Victoria Crosses, while American soldiers received twenty-six Medals of Honor--ten of them awarded posthumously. The unprecedented defensive stand ended with the Allies breaking out of their besieged beachhead and finally reaching their goal: Rome. They had truly snatched victory from the jaws of defeat. Award-winning author and military historian Flint Whitlock uses official records, memoirs, diaries, letters, and interviews with participants to capture the desperate nature of the fighting and create a comprehensive account of the unrelenting slugfest at Anzio. Desperate Valour is a stirring chronicle of courage beyond measure.
Author | : Lloyd Clark |
Publisher | : Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |
Total Pages | : 537 |
Release | : 2007-12-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1555846246 |
A harrowing and incisive “high-quality battle history” from one of the world’s finest military historians (Booklist). The Allied attack of Normandy beach and its resultant bloodbath have been immortalized in film and literature, but the US campaign on the beaches of Western Italy reigns as perhaps the deadliest battle of World War II’s western theater. In January 1944, about six months before D-Day, an Allied force of thirty-six thousand soldiers launched one of the first attacks on continental Europe at Anzio, a small coastal city thirty miles south of Rome. The assault was conceived as the first step toward an eventual siege of the Italian capital. But the advance stalled and Anzio beach became a death trap. After five months of brutal fighting and monumental casualties on both sides, the Allies finally cracked the German line and marched into Rome on June 5, the day before D-Day. Richly detailed and fueled by extensive archival research of newspapers, letters, and diaries—as well as scores of original interviews with surviving soldiers on both sides of the trenches—Anzio is a “relentlessly fascinating story with plenty of asides about individuals’ experiences” (Publishers Weekly). “Masterly . . . A heartbreaking, beautifully told story of wasted sacrifice.” —The Washington Post
Author | : Fred Sheehan |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780806126784 |
One of the most bitterly contested pieces of land in World War II was a strip of Italian seacoast fifteen miles long and seven miles deep - the Anzio beachhead. Fred Sheehan, a soldier who participated in the campaign, tells the story of this largely neglected battle, whose purpose was to open the road to Rome. The unopposed January 1944 landing of 40,000 Allied troops seemed to promise easy victory. Yet a month later, with their number increased to 120,000, the Allies were no nearer Rome and were desperately fighting to hold their own against the German forces of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring. After a four-month siege, the Allies finally established a firm foothold in what Kesselring himself called "an epic of bravery."
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 180 |
Release | : 1948 |
Genre | : Anzio Beachhead, 1944 |
ISBN | : |
Landing of U.S. VI Corps at Anzio in an attempt to bypass German defenses blocking the approach to Rome, January6May 1944.
Author | : Carlo D'Este |
Publisher | : Harper Collins |
Total Pages | : 629 |
Release | : 2009-06-02 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0061942472 |
Fatal Decision is a powerful, dramatic, moving, and ultimately definitive narrative of one of the most desperate campaigns of World War II. In the winter of 1943-44, Anzio, a small Mediterranean resort and port some thirty-five miles south of Rome, played a crucial role in the fortunes of World War II as the target of an amphibious Allied landing. The Allies planned to bypass the strong German defenses along the Gustav Line and at Monte Cassino sixty miles to the southeast, which were holding up the American and British armies and preventing the liberation of Rome. By taking advantage of Allied command of the sea and air to effect complete surprise, infantry and armored forces landing at Anzio on January 22 were expected to secure the beachhead and then push inland to cut off the two main highways and railroads supplying the German forces to the south, either trapping and annihilating the German armies or forcing them to withdraw to the north, thus opening the way to Rome. But the reality of one of the most desperate campaigns of World War II was bad management, external meddling, poorly relayed orders, and uncertain leadership. The Anzio beachhead became a death trap, with Allied troops forced to fight for their lives for four dreadful months. The eventual victory in May 1944 was muted, bitter, and overshadowed by the Allied landings in Normandy on June 6. Mixing flawless research, drama, and combat with a brilliant narrative voice, Fatal Decision is one of the best histories ever written of a World War II military campaign.