Gender Equality In The Labor Market In The Philippines
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| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 88 |
| Release | : 2013-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9789292544034 |
This report analyzes gender equality in the labor market and related policies and legislation in the Philippines, and concludes with recommendations to promote gender equality. Key mechanisms for attaining inclusive growth for women requires expanding employment opportunities and decent work outcomes for women to promote gender equality in labor markets. Economic growth in the Philippines, however, has not translated into sufficient employment growth and the employment growth has not been inclusive for women. Generally speaking, there has been little improvement in gender equality in the labor market, as measured by the share of women in waged employment in the nonagriculture sector. In the Philippines, the estimated proportion of women's annual earnings to men's annual earnings stands at less than 60%. However, employment growth alone is not sufficient to judge whether there is inclusive growth, especially in low-income countries where there is significant underemployment and a large informal employment sector. Gender inequality in the labor market is ascertained here by reference to seven gender gaps (or deficits for women): labor force participation, human capital, the unpaid domestic and care work burden, vulnerable employment, wage employment, decent work, and social protection. Despite a variety of gender-responsive legal and policy initiatives, an assessment of the labor market in the Philippines reveals that although some gender gaps have been reduced, women still suffer from persistent gender deficits.
| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 123 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9789292543617 |
This report comprises a gendered analysis of labor markets, policies, and legislation in Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines. It provides policy recommendations that may expand work opportunities for women in specific sectors. Increasing job opportunities and decent work for women are essential for inclusive growth, and they are vital for advancing economic and social development in a country. This approach to attaining economic and social wealth is based on reliable academic and statistical evidence and is increasingly accepted by international and national financial and development organizations across the globe. In Asia, mostly women continue to experience the greatest disadvantages resulting from gender inequalities and entrenched discrimination in work and in life. The economic and social contributions made by women in the family, the workplace, and society tend to be devalued. There are, however, many strategies which have been developed to counter gender discrimination and promote equality for working men and women through legislation and social and economic policies to reverse the unequal labor market outcomes for women. To document the nature and extent of gender inequalities in the labor market, as well as to capture and share these promising initiatives, ADB initiated studies in three countries - Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines - to identify how these countries promote gender equality in their labor markets. This report comprises a gendered analysis of labor markets, policies, and legislation in each country and provides recommendations for legislation and policies that have the potential to expand or improve employment and work opportunities for women in specific sectors.
| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 88 |
| Release | : 2013-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9789292544010 |
This report analyzes gender equality in the labor market and related policies and legislation in Cambodia, and concludes with recommendations to promote gender equality. Despite a decline in the gender gap in human capital, the gender gap in productive and decent work persists in Cambodia. The gender employment gap has a profound and compounding effect on women in the labor market, not only because they are subject to the deficits of less available work, more vulnerable work, and the unpaid work burden, but also because they are paid at a lower rate than men even when they do find work. The main constraints on women in the labor market are domestic work and care burdens, and women's more limited access to resources, including education, training, government services, credit, and financial services. Women also face pervasive discrimination and lack of social protection in most aspects of their employment and work. Cambodia faces the task of generating employment growth, reducing vulnerable employment, and improving decent work opportunities. This will require broad macroeconomic responses to expand employment opportunities, as well as policies and legislation to improve decent work, social protection, and active labor market support for men and women alike.
| Author | : Connie Bayudan-Dacuycuy |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
While the Philippines has achieved several milestones advancing gender equality in the country, there are some areas that can still benefit from further government interventions. One such area pertains to the moderate female participation in the labor market, which hardly improved in the last 26 years. The lackluster participation of women in the labor market presents a continuing concern, and this is amply reflected in Philippine Development Plans and laws designed to support working women. However, other important factors remain to be addressed, and this paper looks into the role of women's housework. The paper also discusses the role of housework on men's market work. Doing so provides a holistic perspective and hence, a better narrative to ensure that both men and women equally benefit from development. Results indicate that housework affects both men and women's participation in market work. However, the study finds a bigger increase in women's market work participation when they do not engage in non-market work and a bigger decrease when their spouses do not share in the household production.
| Author | : Ana María Muñoz Boudet |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 231 |
| Release | : 2013-04-25 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 082139892X |
Based on focus groups and interviews with nearly 4,000 women, men, girls, and boys from 20 countries, this book explores areas that are less often studied in gender and development: gender norms and agency. It reveals how little gender norms have changed, how similar they are across countries, and how they are being challenged and contested.
| Author | : Robyn Layton |
| Publisher | : International Labour Office |
| Total Pages | : 118 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Pay equity |
| ISBN | : |
"Author, Robyn Layton"--Acknowledgments.
| Author | : Sara Elder |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9789221233183 |
Offers an analysis of 12 indicators from the ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. The aim is to look for progress or lack of progress towards the goal of gender equality in the world of work and identify where and why blockages to labour market equity continue to exist. Focuses on the relationship of women to labour markets and compares employment outcomes for men and women to the best degree possible given the available labour market indicators.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 27 |
| Release | : 2021-05-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513573772 |
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
| Author | : Ruspini, Elisabetta |
| Publisher | : Policy Press |
| Total Pages | : 290 |
| Release | : 2018-07-11 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1447336372 |
This edited collection provides interdisciplinary, global, and multi-religious perspectives on the relationship between women’s identities, religion, and social change in the contemporary world. The book discusses the experiences and positions of women, and particular groups of women, to understand patterns of religiosity and religious change. It also addresses the current and future challenges posed by women’s changes to religion in different parts of the world and among different religious traditions and practices. The contributors address a diverse range of themes and issues including the attitudes of different religions to gender equality; how women construct their identity through religious activity; whether women have opportunity to influence religious doctrine; and the impact of migration on the religious lives of both women and men.
| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
| Total Pages | : 136 |
| Release | : 2015-04-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9292549146 |
Despite economic growth, decreasing fertility rates, and rising education levels, women in Asia are on average 70% less likely than men to be in the labor force, with the country-to-country percentage varying anywhere from 3% to 80%. Results of a new simulation model suggest that closing the gender gap could generate a 30% increase in the per capita income of a hypothetical average Asian economy in one generation. This report discusses the reasons behind the continuing gap in the labor force participation rate between women and men in Asia and the Pacific, the impact of this gap on economic growth, and policy lessons drawn from specific country experiences in the region and elsewhere in the world. The channels of gender inequality are so complex that policy interventions must go beyond economics to effectively address them. Such a multidimensional approach to reducing gender inequality could unleash a nation's full potential for inclusive growth and development.
