Galaxies Through Cosmic Time
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| Author | : Christopher J. Conselice |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Galaxies |
| ISBN | : 9780750326704 |
Galaxies are the fundamental units of cosmic matter that make up the universe and they change in remarkable ways over 13.7 billion years of cosmic time. We are just now discovering how galaxies we can see over these billions of years are evolving from small, star forming systems to larger, more massive and passive systems at later times. This book explains the structural evolution of galaxies, how we measure it, how these measurements change with time, and how observing this reveals important information about galaxy formation and evolution. It also explains the future of the field through the use of machine learning tools, and how galaxy structure can be used as a new approach to measure unique features of the universe, such as cosmological properties and parameters.
| Author | : Hyron Spinrad |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 2006-08-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540290079 |
An Astronomical Life – Observing the Depths of the Universe” Though science as a subject can be di?cult, what has been more important for me is that its practice can also be rewarding fun! This book is crafted to expose the reader to the excitement of modern observational cosmology through the study of galaxy evolution over space and cosmic time. Recent extragalactic research has led to many rapid advances in the ?eld. Even a suitable skeptic of certain pronouncements about the age and structure of the Universe should be pleased with the large steps that have been taken in furthering our understanding of the Universe since the early 1990’s. My personal involvement in galaxy research goes back to the 1960’s. At that point, galaxies were easily recognized and partially understood as organized c- lections of stars and gas. What their masses were presented a problem, which I supposed would just fade away. But fade it didn’t. Distant active nuclei and quasars were discovered in the mid-1960’s. A c- mon view of QSOs was that they have large redshifts, but what use are they for cosmology or normal galaxy astrophysics? I shared that conclusion. My expec- tions fell below their potential utility. In short, the Universe of our expectations rarely matches the Universe as it is discovered.
| Author | : Joel Robert Leja |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Galaxies |
| ISBN | : |
In this thesis, I describe how observations of stellar mass and star formation rate properties of galaxies over cosmic time can be converted into the stellar mass assembly history of galaxies. I first postulate that the stellar mass rank-order of galaxies is preserved through cosmic time, and test whether this is true in a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. I find that assuming preservation of stellar mass rank order reproduces the median stellar mass growth of a galaxy population to within 40% from z = 3 to z = 0 over a wide range in galaxy properties. I establish that the discrepancy mainly results from scatter in stellar mass growth rates, and galaxy-galaxy mergers. The main uncertainties in this work are that the semi-analytical model does not reproduce the observed evolution of the stellar mass function, and that the scatter in growth rates about the median may be substantial.
| Author | : Sugata Kaviraj |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-09-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781107138261 |
IAU Symposium 319 was the largest galaxy evolution meeting at the IAU General Assembly in 2015. This volume presents a summary of the current state of the art in galaxy evolution studies, and provides a perspective on future large spectro-photometric surveys which will become available in the next decade. Topics covered include the emergence of galaxies and their constituent black holes during the first few billion years, the evolving interstellar medium as seen through modern instrumentation like Herschel, Planck and ALMA, and a look ahead to future ground- and space-based instruments that will become the workhorse facilities of the next decade, such as JWST and the SKA precursors. This volume will appeal to those who are interested in the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time, as well as those who are active in developing, or on the science teams for, new astronomical instrumentation.
| Author | : Francoise Combes |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2021-03-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1119817994 |
Galaxies are vast ensembles of stars, gas and dust, embedded in dark matter halos. They are the basic building blocks of the Universe, gathered in groups, clusters and super-clusters. They exist in many forms, either as spheroids or disks. Classifications, such as the Hubble sequence (based on mass concentration and gas fraction) and the colormagnitude diagram (which separates a blue cloud from a red sequence) help to understand their formation and evolution. Galaxies spend a large part of their lives in the blue cloud, forming stars as spiral or dwarf galaxies. Then, via a mechanism that is still unclear, they stop forming stars and quietly end in the red sequence, as spheroids. This transformation may be due to galaxy interactions, or because of the feedback of active nuclei, through the energy released by their central super-massive black holes. These mechanisms could explain the history of cosmic star formation, the rate of which was far greater in the first half of the UniverseÂs life. Galaxies delves into all of these surrounding subjects in six chapters written by dedicated, specialist astronomers and researchers in the field, from their numerical simulations to their evolutions.
| Author | : Abraham Loeb |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 572 |
| Release | : 2013-01-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0691144923 |
This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics today: the quest to understand how the oldest and most distant galaxies in our universe first formed. Until now, most research on this question has been theoretical, but the next few years will bring about a new generation of large telescopes that promise to supply a flood of data about the infant universe during its first billion years after the big bang. This book bridges the gap between theory and observation. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers on early galaxies. The First Galaxies in the Universe starts from basic physical principles before moving on to more advanced material. Topics include the gravitational growth of structure, the intergalactic medium, the formation and evolution of the first stars and black holes, feedback and galaxy evolution, reionization, 21-cm cosmology, and more. Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting frontier in astrophysics Begins from first principles Covers advanced topics such as the first stars and 21-cm cosmology Prepares students for research using the next generation of large telescopes Discusses many open questions to be explored in the coming decade
| Author | : Gerard Gilmore |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2013-02-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789400756113 |
This is volume 5 of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical research, covering subjects of key interest to the main fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on “Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations”, edited by Gerard F. Gilmore, presents accessible review chapters on Stellar Populations, Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers, Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe, The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function of Simple and Composite Populations, The Galactic Nucleus, The Galactic Bulge, Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy, Star Counts and the Nature of Galactic Thick Disk, The Infrared Galaxy, Interstellar PAHs and Dust, Galactic Neutral Hydrogen, High-Velocity Clouds, Magnetic Fields in Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays, Galactic Distance Scales, Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution, Dynamics of Disks and Warps, Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy, Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites, and History of Dark Matter in Galaxies. All chapters of the handbook were written by practicing professionals. They include sufficient background material and references to the current literature to allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on their own practical research projects. In the spirit of the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand on its own as a fundamental review of its respective sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a textbook or recommended reference work for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced students and professional astronomers in their roles as both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.
| Author | : Houjun Mo |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 841 |
| Release | : 2010-05-20 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0521857937 |
A coherent introduction for researchers in astronomy, particle physics, and cosmology on the formation and evolution of galaxies.
| Author | : Yohai Meiron |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-04-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781107078727 |
Star clusters and black holes are moving into the focus of high resolution astrophysics, computationally as well as observationally. For the first time, observations in many regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are converging with theoretical modelling and computer simulations. These cosmological and galaxy formation models reach down to the supermassive black hole level and follow their formation and growth in the centres of galaxies, by gas and star accretion. IAU Symposium 312 brings together experts on high resolution observations as well as theoretical modelling and computational simulations, who present their research on star clusters, black holes and their interrelations, and gravitational wave astrophysics. IAU S312 continues the tradition of IAU symposia on stellar dynamics and related areas, allowing interested graduate students and researchers to access the current state of these fields.
| Author | : Yicheng Guo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 195 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Cosmology |
| ISBN | : |
To understand how galaxies were assembled across the cosmic time remains one of the most outstanding questions in astronomy. The core of this question is how today's Hubble Sequence, namely the differentiation of galaxy morphology and its correlation to galaxy physical properties, is formed. In this thesis, we investigate the origin of the Hubble Sequence through galaxies at z~2, an epoch when the cosmic star formation activity reaches its peak and the properties of galaxies undergo dramatic transitions. Galaxies at z~2 have two important features that are distinct from nearby galaxies: much higher frequency of clumpy morphology in star-forming systems, and much compacter size. To understand the nature of the two features requires investigations on the sub-structure of galaxies in a multi-wavelength way. In this thesis, we study samples of galaxies that are selected from GOODS and HUDF, where ultra-deep and high-resolution optical and near-infrared images allow us to study the stellar populations of the sub-structures of galaxies at the rest-frame optical bands for the first time, to answer two questions: (1) the nature of kiloparsec-scale clumps in star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$2 and (2) the existence of color gradient and stellar population gradient in passively evolving galaxies at z~2, which may provide clues to the mechanisms of dramatic size evolution of this type of galaxies. We further design a set of color selection criteria to search for dusty star-forming galaxies and passively evolving galaxies at z~3 to explore the question: when today's Hubble Sequence has begun to appear.
