Fundamentals Of Quantum Programming In Ibms Quantum Computers
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| Author | : Weng-Long Chang |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 2020-12-21 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 303063583X |
This textbook introduces major topics that include quantum bits, superposition, entanglement, logic gates, quantum search algorithm, quantum Fourier transform, inverse quantum Fourier transform, Shor’s order-finding algorithm and phase estimation. Everyone can write algorithms and programs in the cloud making using IBM’s quantum computers that support IBM Q Experience which contains the composer, open quantum assembly language, simulators and real quantum devices. Furthermore, this book teaches you how to use open quantum assembly language to write quantum programs for dealing with complex problems. Through numerous examples and exercises, readers will learn how to write a quantum program with open quantum assembly language for solving any problem from start to complete. This book includes six main chapters: ·Quantum Bits and Quantum Gates—learn what quantum bits are, how to declare and measure them, what quantum gates are and how they work on a simulator or a real device in the cloud. ·Boolean Algebra and its Applications—learn how to decompose CCNOT gate into six CNOT gates and nine gates of one bit and how to use NOT gates, CNOT gates and CCNOT gates to implement logic operations including NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND, Exclusive-OR (XOR) and Exclusive-NOR (XNOR). ·Quantum Search Algorithm and its Applications—learn core concepts of quantum search algorithm and how to write quantum programs to implement core concepts of quantum search algorithm for solving two famous NP-complete problems that are the satisfiability problem in n Boolean variables and m clauses and the clique problem in a graph with n vertices and q edges. ·Quantum Fourier Transform and its Applications—learn core concepts of quantum Fourier transform and inverse quantum Fourier transform and how to write quantum programs to implement them for solving two real applications that are to compute the period and the frequency of two given oracular functions. ·Order-Finding and Factoring—learn core concepts of Shor’s order-finding algorithm and how to write quantum programs to implement Shor’s order-finding algorithm for completing the prime factorization to 15. Phase Estimation and its Applications—learn core concepts of phase estimation and quantum counting and how to write quantum programs to implement them to compute the number of solution(s) in the independent set problem in a graph with two vertices and one edge.
| Author | : Robert Loredo |
| Publisher | : Packt Publishing Ltd |
| Total Pages | : 510 |
| Release | : 2020-09-28 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1838986758 |
A step-by-step guide to learning the implementation and associated methodologies in quantum computing with the help of the IBM Quantum Experience, Qiskit, and Python that will have you up and running and productive in no time Key FeaturesDetermine the difference between classical computers and quantum computersUnderstand the quantum computational principles such as superposition and entanglement and how they are leveraged on IBM Quantum Experience systemsRun your own quantum experiments and applications by integrating with QiskitBook Description IBM Quantum Experience is a platform that enables developers to learn the basics of quantum computing by allowing them to run experiments on a quantum computing simulator and a real quantum computer. This book will explain the basic principles of quantum mechanics, the principles involved in quantum computing, and the implementation of quantum algorithms and experiments on IBM's quantum processors. You will start working with simple programs that illustrate quantum computing principles and slowly work your way up to more complex programs and algorithms that leverage quantum computing. As you build on your knowledge, you'll understand the functionality of IBM Quantum Experience and the various resources it offers. Furthermore, you'll not only learn the differences between the various quantum computers but also the various simulators available. Later, you'll explore the basics of quantum computing, quantum volume, and a few basic algorithms, all while optimally using the resources available on IBM Quantum Experience. By the end of this book, you'll learn how to build quantum programs on your own and have gained practical quantum computing skills that you can apply to your business. What you will learnExplore quantum computational principles such as superposition and quantum entanglementBecome familiar with the contents and layout of the IBM Quantum ExperienceUnderstand quantum gates and how they operate on qubitsDiscover the quantum information science kit and its elements such as Terra and AerGet to grips with quantum algorithms such as Bell State, Deutsch-Jozsa, Grover's algorithm, and Shor's algorithmHow to create and visualize a quantum circuitWho this book is for This book is for Python developers who are looking to learn quantum computing and put their knowledge to use in practical situations with the help of IBM Quantum Experience. Some background in computer science and high-school-level physics and math is required.
| Author | : Venkateswaran Kasirajan |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 463 |
| Release | : 2021-06-21 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 3030636895 |
This introductory book on quantum computing includes an emphasis on the development of algorithms. Appropriate for both university students as well as software developers interested in programming a quantum computer, this practical approach to modern quantum computing takes the reader through the required background and up to the latest developments. Beginning with introductory chapters on the required math and quantum mechanics, Fundamentals of Quantum Computing proceeds to describe four leading qubit modalities and explains the core principles of quantum computing in detail. Providing a step-by-step derivation of math and source code, some of the well-known quantum algorithms are explained in simple ways so the reader can try them either on IBM Q or Microsoft QDK. The book also includes a chapter on adiabatic quantum computing and modern concepts such as topological quantum computing and surface codes. Features: o Foundational chapters that build the necessary background on math and quantum mechanics. o Examples and illustrations throughout provide a practical approach to quantum programming with end-of-chapter exercises. o Detailed treatment on four leading qubit modalities -- trapped-ion, superconducting transmons, topological qubits, and quantum dots -- teaches how qubits work so that readers can understand how quantum computers work under the hood and devise efficient algorithms and error correction codes. Also introduces protected qubits - 0-π qubits, fluxon parity protected qubits, and charge-parity protected qubits. o Principles of quantum computing, such as quantum superposition principle, quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, no-cloning theorem, quantum parallelism, and quantum interference are explained in detail. A dedicated chapter on quantum algorithm explores both oracle-based, and Quantum Fourier Transform-based algorithms in detail with step-by-step math and working code that runs on IBM QisKit and Microsoft QDK. Topics on EPR Paradox, Quantum Key Distribution protocols, Density Matrix formalism, and Stabilizer formalism are intriguing. While focusing on the universal gate model of quantum computing, this book also introduces adiabatic quantum computing and quantum annealing. This book includes a section on fault-tolerant quantum computing to make the discussions complete. The topics on Quantum Error Correction, Surface codes such as Toric code and Planar code, and protected qubits help explain how fault tolerance can be built at the system level.
| Author | : Hassi Norlén |
| Publisher | : Packt Publishing Ltd |
| Total Pages | : 409 |
| Release | : 2020-11-23 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1838821031 |
Understand the nuances of programming traditional quantum computers and solve the challenges of the future while building and executing quantum programs on IBM Quantum hardware and simulators Key FeaturesWork your way up from writing a simple quantum program to programming complex quantum algorithmsExplore the probabilistic nature of qubits by performing quantum coin tosses and using random number generatorsDelve into quantum algorithms and their practical applications in various domainsBook Description IBM Quantum Experience® is a leading platform for programming quantum computers and implementing quantum solutions directly on the cloud. This book will help you get up to speed with programming quantum computers and provide solutions to the most common problems and challenges. You’ll start with a high-level overview of IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit®, where you will perform the installation while writing some basic quantum programs. This introduction puts less emphasis on the theoretical framework and more emphasis on recent developments such as Shor’s algorithm and Grover’s algorithm. Next, you’ll delve into Qiskit®, a quantum information science toolkit, and its constituent packages such as Terra, Aer, Ignis, and Aqua. You’ll cover these packages in detail, exploring their benefits and use cases. Later, you’ll discover various quantum gates that Qiskit® offers and even deconstruct a quantum program with their help, before going on to compare Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and actual hardware. Finally, you’ll explore quantum algorithms and understand how they differ from classical algorithms, along with learning how to use pre-packaged algorithms in Qiskit® Aqua. By the end of this quantum computing book, you’ll be able to build and execute your own quantum programs using IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® with Python. What you will learnVisualize a qubit in Python and understand the concept of superpositionInstall a local Qiskit® simulator and connect to actual quantum hardwareCompose quantum programs at the level of circuits using Qiskit® TerraCompare and contrast Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum computing (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and IBM Quantum® hardwareMitigate noise in quantum circuits and systems using Qiskit® IgnisUnderstand the difference between classical and quantum algorithms by implementing Grover’s algorithm in Qiskit®Who this book is for This book is for developers, data scientists, machine learning researchers, or quantum computing enthusiasts who want to understand how to use IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® to implement quantum solutions and gain practical quantum computing experience. Python programming experience is a must to grasp the concepts covered in the book more effectively. Basic knowledge of quantum computing will also be beneficial.
| Author | : Robert S. Sutor |
| Publisher | : Packt Publishing Ltd |
| Total Pages | : 515 |
| Release | : 2019-11-28 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1838825258 |
Explore the principles and practicalities of quantum computing Key Features Discover how quantum computing works and delve into the math behind it with this quantum computing textbook Learn how it may become the most important new computer technology of the century Explore the inner workings of quantum computing technology to quickly process complex cloud data and solve problems Book DescriptionQuantum computing is making us change the way we think about computers. Quantum bits, a.k.a. qubits, can make it possible to solve problems that would otherwise be intractable with current computing technology. Dancing with Qubits is a quantum computing textbook that starts with an overview of why quantum computing is so different from classical computing and describes several industry use cases where it can have a major impact. From there it moves on to a fuller description of classical computing and the mathematical underpinnings necessary to understand such concepts as superposition, entanglement, and interference. Next up is circuits and algorithms, both basic and more sophisticated. It then nicely moves on to provide a survey of the physics and engineering ideas behind how quantum computing hardware is built. Finally, the book looks to the future and gives you guidance on understanding how further developments will affect you. Really understanding quantum computing requires a lot of math, and this book doesn't shy away from the necessary math concepts you'll need. Each topic is introduced and explained thoroughly, in clear English with helpful examples.What you will learn See how quantum computing works, delve into the math behind it, what makes it different, and why it is so powerful with this quantum computing textbook Discover the complex, mind-bending mechanics that underpin quantum systems Understand the necessary concepts behind classical and quantum computing Refresh and extend your grasp of essential mathematics, computing, and quantum theory Explore the main applications of quantum computing to the fields of scientific computing, AI, and elsewhere Examine a detailed overview of qubits, quantum circuits, and quantum algorithm Who this book is for Dancing with Qubits is a quantum computing textbook for those who want to deeply explore the inner workings of quantum computing. This entails some sophisticated mathematical exposition and is therefore best suited for those with a healthy interest in mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science.
| Author | : Sarah C. Kaiser |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 545 |
| Release | : 2021-07-27 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1638350906 |
Learn Quantum Computing with Python and Q# introduces quantum computing from a practical perspective. Summary Learn Quantum Computing with Python and Q# demystifies quantum computing. Using Python and the new quantum programming language Q#, you’ll build your own quantum simulator and apply quantum programming techniques to real-world examples including cryptography and chemical analysis. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Quantum computers present a radical leap in speed and computing power. Improved scientific simulations and new frontiers in cryptography that are impossible with classical computing may soon be in reach. Microsoft’s Quantum Development Kit and the Q# language give you the tools to experiment with quantum computing without knowing advanced math or theoretical physics. About the book Learn Quantum Computing with Python and Q# introduces quantum computing from a practical perspective. Use Python to build your own quantum simulator and take advantage of Microsoft’s open source tools to fine-tune quantum algorithms. The authors explain complex math and theory through stories, visuals, and games. You’ll learn to apply quantum to real-world applications, such as sending secret messages and solving chemistry problems. What's inside The underlying mechanics of quantum computers Simulating qubits in Python Exploring quantum algorithms with Q# Applying quantum computing to chemistry, arithmetic, and data About the reader For software developers. No prior experience with quantum computing required. About the author Dr. Sarah Kaiser works at the Unitary Fund, a non-profit organization supporting the quantum open-source ecosystem, and is an expert in building quantum tech in the lab. Dr. Christopher Granade works in the Quantum Systems group at Microsoft, and is an expert in characterizing quantum devices. Table of Contents PART 1 GETTING STARTED WITH QUANTUM 1 Introducing quantum computing 2 Qubits: The building blocks 3 Sharing secrets with quantum key distribution 4 Nonlocal games: Working with multiple qubits 5 Nonlocal games: Implementing a multi-qubit simulator 6 Teleportation and entanglement: Moving quantum data around PART 2 PROGRAMMING QUANTUM ALGORITHMS IN Q# 7 Changing the odds: An introduction to Q# 8 What is a quantum algorithm? 9 Quantum sensing: It’s not just a phase PART 3 APPLIED QUANTUM COMPUTING 10 Solving chemistry problems with quantum computers 11 Searching with quantum computers 12 Arithmetic with quantum computers
| Author | : Jack D. Hidary |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 422 |
| Release | : 2021-09-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030832740 |
This book integrates the foundations of quantum computing with a hands-on coding approach to this emerging field; it is the first to bring these elements together in an updated manner. This work is suitable for both academic coursework and corporate technical training. The second edition includes extensive updates and revisions, both to textual content and to the code. Sections have been added on quantum machine learning, quantum error correction, Dirac notation and more. This new edition benefits from the input of the many faculty, students, corporate engineering teams, and independent readers who have used the first edition. This volume comprises three books under one cover: Part I outlines the necessary foundations of quantum computing and quantum circuits. Part II walks through the canon of quantum computing algorithms and provides code on a range of quantum computing methods in current use. Part III covers the mathematical toolkit required to master quantum computing. Additional resources include a table of operators and circuit elements and a companion GitHub site providing code and updates. Jack D. Hidary is a research scientist in quantum computing and in AI at Alphabet X, formerly Google X.
| Author | : Eric R. Johnston |
| Publisher | : O'Reilly Media |
| Total Pages | : 333 |
| Release | : 2019-07-03 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1492039659 |
Quantum computers are poised to kick-start a new computing revolution—and you can join in right away. If you’re in software engineering, computer graphics, data science, or just an intrigued computerphile, this book provides a hands-on programmer’s guide to understanding quantum computing. Rather than labor through math and theory, you’ll work directly with examples that demonstrate this technology’s unique capabilities. Quantum computing specialists Eric Johnston, Nic Harrigan, and Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia show you how to build the skills, tools, and intuition required to write quantum programs at the center of applications. You’ll understand what quantum computers can do and learn how to identify the types of problems they can solve. This book includes three multichapter sections: Programming for a QPU—Explore core concepts for programming quantum processing units, including how to describe and manipulate qubits and how to perform quantum teleportation. QPU Primitives—Learn algorithmic primitives and techniques, including amplitude amplification, the Quantum Fourier Transform, and phase estimation. QPU Applications—Investigate how QPU primitives are used to build existing applications, including quantum search techniques and Shor’s factoring algorithm.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 273 |
| Release | : 2019-04-27 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 030947969X |
Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.
| Author | : Vladimir Silva |
| Publisher | : Apress |
| Total Pages | : 358 |
| Release | : 2018-12-12 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1484242181 |
Write algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM Q Experience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You’ll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device. Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You’ll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM’s Q Experience. Finally, you’ll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You’ll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover’s algorithm for linear search, Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more. Along the way you’ll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win! By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center. What You Will LearnUse the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloud Run programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterparts Build a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloud Create a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twist Discover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiver Peek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twist Handle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turns Who This Book Is For Developers and programmers interested in this new field of computing.
