Functional Reorganization Of Spinal Neural Networks Facilitating Stepping In Humans And Rats After Spinal Cord Injury
Download Functional Reorganization Of Spinal Neural Networks Facilitating Stepping In Humans And Rats After Spinal Cord Injury full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Functional Reorganization Of Spinal Neural Networks Facilitating Stepping In Humans And Rats After Spinal Cord Injury ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Enhancing Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Author | : Jessica Erin Hillyer |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 107 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Paralysis |
ISBN | : |
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating conditions endured by humans. These patients face problems involving excretory control, respiratory regulation, increased chance of infection, pressure ulcers, and impaired sexual functioning, in addition to the characteristic paralysis and loss of sensation. Care is expensive and rarely results in recovery of functioning because the central nervous system fails to repair itself after injury. Despite their impaired brain-body connection, spinal animals exhibit stepping that is stereotypical, controlled, and, at times, highly functional. Research has shown that this spontaneous recovery of function after SCI is not the result of the development of a new brainless pattern or based on the regeneration of axons connecting to suprapsinal structures, but the expression of the spinal component of the normal locomotion program. One of the most promising therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury, which is based on this hypothesis, is treadmill training, where a patient is supported over a moving treadmill, which facilitates stepping. With training, healthy cells in the cord are called-upon to guide this stepping and they eventually become integrated into the neural networks allowing the spinal subjects to regain locomotor functioning. The current work explores the limitations of this treatment by investigating the effects of variables known to alter spontaneous recovery of locomotion. Effects of age at spinal cord injury, presence of peripheral injury, and methylprednisolone administration on recovery of stepping competence after treadmill training and on cellular survival in the cord were tested. Although each of these variables did impact spontaneous recovery in non-trained animals, none had an effect on the recoveries of trained animals. Treadmill training, then, is a highly effective therapy that protects against detrimental variables, and should become the yardstick by which all newly developed SCI interventions are measured. Not only is it effective, but step training is also relatively cheap, non-invasive, safe, and easily combined with other treatments. Although complete restoration of a damaged nervous system may be impossible to attain, patients do have good reason to hope for fulfilling and comfortable lives after injury.
Locomotor Training
Author | : Susan J. Harkema |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 200 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0195342089 |
Physical rehabilitation for walking recovery after spinal cord injury is undergoing a paradigm shift. Therapy historically has focused on compensation for sensorimotor deficits after SCI using wheelchairs and bracing to achieve mobility. With locomotor training, the aim is to promote recovery via activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of the lesion. What basic scientists have shown us as the potential of the nervous system for plasticity, to learn, even after injury is being translated into a rehabilitation strategy by taking advantage of the intrinsic biology of the central nervous system. While spinal cord injury from basic and clinical perspectives was the gateway for developing locomotor training, its application has been extended to other populations with neurologic dysfunction resulting in loss of walking or walking disability.
Brain Damage and Repair
Author | : T. Herdegen |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 707 |
Release | : 2007-05-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1402025416 |
This book builds a novel bridge from molecular research to clinical therapy. This approach reveals the functional features of neurons and glia in the particular context of vulnerability and self-protection, intracellular properties and extracellular matrix. Arising from this platform, this volume unfolds the molecular and systemic processes underlying migration disorders, axonal injury, repair and regeneration.
Neuromodulatory Control of Spinal Function in Health and Disease
Author | : Brian R. Noga |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 347 |
Release | : 2020-02-20 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 2889635171 |
Spinal Cord Plasticity
Author | : Michael M. Patterson |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 328 |
Release | : 2011-06-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1461514371 |
The area of spinal cord plasticity has become a very actively researched field. The spinal cord has long been known to organize reflex patterns and serve as the major transmission pathway for sensory and motor nerve impulses. However, the role of the spinal cord in information processing and in experience driven alterations is generally not recognized. With recent advances in neural recording techniques, behavioral technologies and neural tracing and imaging methods has come the ability to better assess the role of the spinal cord in behavioral control and alteration. The discoveries in recent years have been revolutionary. Alterations due to nociceptive inputs, simple learning paradigms and repetitive inputs have now been documented and their mechanisms are being elucidated. These findings have important clinical implications. The development of pathological pain after a spinal cord injury likely depends on the sensitization of neurons within the spinal cord. The capacity of the spinal cord to change as a function of experience, and adapt to new environmental relations, also affects the recovery locomotive function after a spinal cord injury. Mechanisms within the spinal cord can support stepping and the capacity for this behavior depends on behavioral training. By taking advantage of the plasticity inherent within the spinal cord, rehabilitative procedures may foster the recovery of function.
Functional Changes in the Rat Spinal Cord Following Sciatic Nerve Injury
Author | : Shu-ing Hsu Chi |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 1991 |
Genre | : Gene expression |
ISBN | : |
Restoring Function to the Injured Human Spinal Cord
Author | : Richard B. Borgens |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 161 |
Release | : 2003-04-17 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9783540443674 |
This book has two major themes: one, to provide a general un derstanding of the biology of spinal cord injury (SCI) in ani mal models and their relationship to naturally occurring inju ry in man, and secondly, to review novel means to induce functional recovery from spinal cord injury based on develop mental biophysics and physiology. These are new innovations in the treatment of SCI, born of disciplines that have not re ceived much attention from investigators interested in the re pair and regeneration of the Central Nervous System (CNS). They include development of 4-Aminopyridine for chronic SCI; oscillating electrical fields and polymer infusion for acute SCI. Biochemistry, neurotransplantation techniques, and phar macological approaches have long dominated this literature. Curiously though, it is these former techniques that are more practical and are rapidly moving into human clinical studies, or have already begun then. All of these clinical therapies have been developed at the Center for Paralysis Research at Purdue University, mirroring the backgrounds and interests of the electrophysiologists and biophysicists of our Research Center's faculty. Two of the three experimental therapies for SCI devel oped at Purdue University are now in human clinical trials, and a third will soon begin. They frame the emphasis of this text.
Handbook of Innovations in Central Nervous System Regenerative Medicine
Author | : António Salgado |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 712 |
Release | : 2020-06-10 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0128180854 |
Handbook of Innovations in CNS Regenerative Medicine provides a comprehensive overview of the CNS regenerative medicine field. The book describes the basic biology and anatomy of the CNS and how injury and disease affect its balance and the limitations of the present therapies used in the clinics. It also introduces recent trends in different fields of CNS regenerative medicine, including cell transplantation, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies and enabling technologies. Finally, the book presents successful cases of translation of basic research to first-in-human trials and the steps needed to follow this path. Areas such as cell transplantation approaches, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies and enabling technologies are key in regenerative medicine are covered in the book, along with regulatory and ethical issues. Describes the basic biology and anatomy of the CNS and how injury and disease affect its balance Discusses the limitations of present therapies used in the clinics Introduces the recent trends in different fields of CNS regenerative medicine, including cell transplantation, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies, and enabling technologies Presents successful cases of translation of basic research to first-in-human trials, along with the steps needed to follow this path
Therapeutic Strategies to Spinal Cord Injury
Author | : Pavla Jendelova |
Publisher | : MDPI |
Total Pages | : 239 |
Release | : 2018-11-29 |
Genre | : Electronic books |
ISBN | : 3038974064 |
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Therapeutic Strategies to Spinal Cord Injury" that was published in IJMS