Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 373
Release: 2011-06-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309216389
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Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 812
Release: 2015-09-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309373913
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The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy
Author: John C. Hilliard
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 460
Release: 2013-11-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1489922776
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Concern about the reduced availability and the increased cost of petroleum fuels prompted great efforts in recent years to reduce the fuel consumption of auto mobiles. The ongoing efforts to reduce fuel consumption have addressed many relevant factors, including increased engine performance, reduced friction, use of lightweight materials, and reduced aerodynamic drag. The results of the investigations assessing the various factors affecting fuel economy have been published in journals, conference proceedings, and in company and government reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers to keep abreast of aU developments. The material presented in this book brings together in a single volume much of the relevant materials, summarizes many of the state-of-the-art theories and data, and provides extensive lists of references. Thus, it is hoped that this book will be a useful reference for specialists and practicing engineers interested in the fuel economy of automobiles. J. C. HILLIARD o. S. SPRINGER vii CONTENTS 1. AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY David Cole I. Introduction and Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . n. Fuel Economy Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Engine................................................... 11 B. Drive Train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Vehicle Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Operating Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS J. T. Kummer I. Introduction .................................................. . 35 n. Emission Regulations .......................................... .

Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions

Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions
Author: Federico Millo
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2020-10-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9783039361687
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This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines
Author: Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2009-11-20
Genre:
ISBN: 9780857094742
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Summary: This book contains the papers presented at the IMechE's Internal Combustion Engines: Performance, fuel economy and emissions conference, held at the IMechE, London, 8-9 December 2009. This conference, the latest in the successful biannual series on internal combustion engines, addresses drivers of change, technological developments and advances in the latest research. It examines developments for personal transport applications, though many of the drivers of change apply to light and heavy-duty, on and off-highway, transport and other sectors. The conference focuses on spark ignition engine technology for fuel economy, engine downsizing design and analysis, diesel engine design and analysis, and fuels. About the editors: The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is one of the leading professional engineering institutions in the world. Contents: SI ENGINES: TECHNOLOGY FOR FUEL ECONOMY A comparison of inlet valve operating strategies in a single cylinder spark ignition engine Future gasoline engine downsizing technologies - CO2 improvements and engine design considerations SI ENGINES: DOWNSIZING, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Variable valve actuation enabled high efficiency gasoline engine A variable compression opposed-piston SI engine Application of high-precision absolute pressure sensors for gas exchange analysis DIESEL ENGINES: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Effects of cooled and super-cooled low pressure EGR systems on the LD diesel engine performances Effect of compression ratio on combustion stability and performance of a DI diesel engine under cold conditions Effect of charge density on emissions in a HD-LTC diesel engine by retarding intake valve timing and rising boost pressure EMISSIONS CONTROL: NOx AND PARTICULATES Measures to improve the NOx-PM trade off for passenger car Diesel engines at elevated engine load Low particulate combustion development of the JCB Dieselmax mid-range off highway engine Exhaust inorganic nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines FUELS AND DIESEL ENGINES In-cylinder fuel injection and combustion analysis on 2nd generation bio-fuels in a single cylinder CR DI diesel optical engine Low NOx, low smoke operation of a diesel engine using a gasoline fuel Dual-fuel and low-carbon HGVs using bio methane Investigation of fuel properties and characterization of new generation alternative fuel for diesel engine LOW-TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION Hydrogen homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with DME as an ignition promoter HCCI simulation of a non reciprocating internal combustion engine The effects of exhaust back pressure on conventional and low temperature diesel combustion FUELS AND SI ENGINES Omnivore: an automotive flex-fuel 2-stroke engine with variable compression ratio, variable charge trapping and direct fuel injection A study of gasoline-alcohol blended fuels in a turbocharged DISI engine The nature of "superknock" and its origins in SI engines

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2010-07-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309159474
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Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.