From Majority Rule to Inclusive Politics

From Majority Rule to Inclusive Politics
Author: Peter Emerson
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 168
Release: 2016-01-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3319235001

This book discusses voting procedures in collective decision-making. Drawing on well-established election processes from all over the world, the author presents a voting procedure that allows for the speedy but fair election of a proportional, all-party coalition. The methodology - a matrix vote - is accurate, robust and ethno-color blind. In the vote, the counting procedure encourages all concerned to cross the gender as well as any party and/or sectarian divides. While in the resulting executive each party will be represented fairly and, at best, with the consensus of parliament, every minister will be the one most suited to his/her new portfolio. By using preferential voting and thus achieving consensus, the matrix vote will be fundamental to the resolution of conflicts. The matrix vote can also be used when: • two or more parliamentary parties elect a coalition government • one parliamentary party elects a government or shadow cabinet, or organizations in civil society elect their governing boards or executive committees • any group chooses a fixed number of individuals to form a team in which each member carries out a different function

Democratic Reason

Democratic Reason
Author: Hélène Landemore
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2017-02-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0691176396

Individual decision making can often be wrong due to misinformation, impulses, or biases. Collective decision making, on the other hand, can be surprisingly accurate. In Democratic Reason, Hélène Landemore demonstrates that the very factors behind the superiority of collective decision making add up to a strong case for democracy. She shows that the processes and procedures of democratic decision making form a cognitive system that ensures that decisions taken by the many are more likely to be right than decisions taken by the few. Democracy as a form of government is therefore valuable not only because it is legitimate and just, but also because it is smart. Landemore considers how the argument plays out with respect to two main mechanisms of democratic politics: inclusive deliberation and majority rule. In deliberative settings, the truth-tracking properties of deliberation are enhanced more by inclusiveness than by individual competence. Landemore explores this idea in the contexts of representative democracy and the selection of representatives. She also discusses several models for the "wisdom of crowds" channeled by majority rule, examining the trade-offs between inclusiveness and individual competence in voting. When inclusive deliberation and majority rule are combined, they beat less inclusive methods, in which one person or a small group decide. Democratic Reason thus establishes the superiority of democracy as a way of making decisions for the common good.

Democratic Decision-making

Democratic Decision-making
Author: Peter Emerson
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 120
Release: 2020-09-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3030528081

This book provides a practical guide to how groups of people, everywhere, from the local village council to the United Nations Security Council, can best make collective decisions. By comparing the many voting procedures used in democratic decision-making, it explains why win-or-lose binary voting can be inaccurate and divisive, while the more inclusive preferential points system of voting can be so much more accurate and, therefore, more democratic; indeed, it is a win-win methodology. The text, essential reading for anyone interested in fair and participatory collective decision-making, also compares the most common electoral systems.

The Politics of Democratic Inclusion

The Politics of Democratic Inclusion
Author: Christina Wolbrecht
Publisher: Temple University Press
Total Pages: 360
Release: 2005
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781592133604

How institutions foster and hinder political participation of the underrepresented

First Democracy

First Democracy
Author: Paul Woodruff
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2006-03-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 0195304543

This brilliant analysis of the nature of democracy draws on the hard-earned lessons of the ancient Greeks.

From Divided Pasts to Cohesive Futures

From Divided Pasts to Cohesive Futures
Author: Hiroyuki Hino
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 469
Release: 2019-08-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1108476600

Offers an insightful yet readable study of the paths - and challenges - to social cohesion in Africa, by experienced historians, economists and political scientists.

Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy

Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy
Author: Michael Albertus
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2018-01-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 110819642X

This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.

Democracies and the Populist Challenge

Democracies and the Populist Challenge
Author: Y. Meny
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 266
Release: 2001-12-06
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1403920079

Populism has become a favourite catchword for mass media and politicians faced with the challenge of protest parties or movements. It has often been equated with radical right leaders or parties. This volume offers a different perspective and underlines that populism is an ambiguous but constitutive component of democratic systems torn between their ideology (government of the people, by the people, for the people) and their actual functioning, characterised by the role of the elites and the limits put on the popular will by liberal constitutionalism.

Parliament the Mirror of the Nation

Parliament the Mirror of the Nation
Author: Gregory Conti
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2019-04-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 1108428738

The notion of 'representative democracy' seems unquestionably familiar today, but how did the Victorians understand democracy, parliamentary representation, and diversity?

Open Democracy

Open Democracy
Author: Hélène Landemore
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2022-03-08
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0691212392

To the ancient Greeks, democracy meant gathering in public and debating laws set by a randomly selected assembly of several hundred citizens. To the Icelandic Vikings, democracy meant meeting every summer in a field to discuss issues until consensus was reached. Our contemporary representative democracies are very different. Modern parliaments are gated and guarded, and it seems as if only certain people are welcome. Diagnosing what is wrong with representative government and aiming to recover some of the openness of ancient democracies, Open Democracy presents a new paradigm of democracy. Supporting a fresh nonelectoral understanding of democratic representation, Hélène Landemore demonstrates that placing ordinary citizens, rather than elites, at the heart of democratic power is not only the true meaning of a government of, by, and for the people, but also feasible and, more than ever, urgently needed. -- Cover page 4.