From Indians In Trinidad To Indo Trinidadians
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| Author | : N. Jayaram |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2022-09-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9811933677 |
This book explores the dynamics of the socio-cultural baggage that Indian indentured migrants took with them to the Caribbean island of Trinidad and how they have since become a vibrant diaspora community, namely the Indo-Trinidadians. It combines social history with first-hand fieldwork data to portray human ingenuity in terms of social reconstitution and community building in a hostile socio-cultural environment. Furthermore, it addresses key social institutions—religion, caste, and family—and cultural elements—language, foodways, and ethnicity. Its analytical framework is guided by the concept of metamorphosis; it steers clear of the persistence versus change hypotheses. Given its focus, it will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, social anthropology, history, and migration and diaspora studies.
| Author | : Ron Ramdin |
| Publisher | : NYU Press |
| Total Pages | : 406 |
| Release | : 2000-04 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780814775486 |
Arising from Bondage is an epic story of the struggle of the Indo-Caribbean people. From the 1830's through World War I hundreds of thousands of indentured laborers were shipped from India to the Caribbean and settled in the former British, Dutch, French and Spanish colonies. Like their predecessors, the African slaves, they labored on the sugar estates. Unlike the Africans their status was ambiguous--not actually enslaved yet not entirely free--they fought mightily to achieve power in their new home. Today in the English-speaking Caribbean alone there are one million people of Indian descent and they form the majority in Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. This study, based on official documents and archives, as well as previously unpublished material from British, Indian and Caribbean sources, fills a major gap in the history of the Caribbean, India, Britain and European colonialism. It also contributes powerfully to the history of diaspora and migration.
| Author | : Tejaswini Niranjana |
| Publisher | : Duke University Press |
| Total Pages | : 285 |
| Release | : 2006-10-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0822388421 |
Descendants of indentured laborers brought from India to the Caribbean between 1845 and 1917 comprise more than forty percent of Trinidad’s population today. While many Indo-Trinidadians identify themselves as Indian, what “Indian” signifies—about nationalism, gender, culture, caste, race, and religion—in the Caribbean is different from what it means on the subcontinent. Yet the ways that “Indianness” is conceived of and performed in India and in Trinidad have historically been, and remain, intimately related. Offering an innovative analysis of how ideas of Indian identity negotiated within the Indian diaspora in Trinidad affect cultural identities “back home,” Tejaswini Niranjana models a necessary project: comparative research across the global South, scholarship that decenters the “first world” West as the referent against which postcolonial subjects understand themselves and are understood by others. Niranjana draws on nineteenth-century travel narratives, anthropological and historical studies of Trinidad, Hindi film music, and the lyrics, performance, and reception of chutney-soca and calypso songs to argue that perceptions of Indian female sexuality in Trinidad have long been central to the formation and disruption of dominant narratives of nationhood, modernity, and normative sexuality in India. She illuminates debates in India about “the woman question” as they played out in the early-twentieth-century campaign against indentured servitude in the tropics. In so doing, she reveals India’s disavowal of the indentured woman—viewed as morally depraved by her forced labor in Trinidad—as central to its own anticolonial struggle. Turning to the present, Niranjana looks to Trinidad’s most dynamic site of cultural negotiation: popular music. She describes how contested ideas of Indian femininity are staged by contemporary Trinidadian musicians—male and female, of both Indian and African descent—in genres ranging from new hybrids like chutney-soca to the older but still vibrant music of Afro-Caribbean calypso.
| Author | : Dave Ramsaran |
| Publisher | : Univ. Press of Mississippi |
| Total Pages | : 183 |
| Release | : 2018-07-05 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1496818075 |
Winner of the 2019 Gordon K. & Sybil Lewis Book Award In 1833, the abolition of slavery in the British Empire led to the import of exploited South Asian indentured workers in the Caribbean under extreme oppression. Dave Ramsaran and Linden F. Lewis concentrate on the Indian descendants' processes of mixing, assimilating, and adapting while trying desperately to hold on to that which marks a group of people as distinct. In some ways, the lived experience of the Indian community in Guyana and Trinidad represents a cultural contradiction of belonging and non-belonging. In other parts of the Caribbean, people of Indian descent seem so absorbed by the more dominant African culture and through intermarriage that Indo-Caribbean heritage seems less central. In this collaboration based on focus groups, in-depth interviews, and observation, sociologists Ramsaran and Lewis lay out a context within which to develop a broader view of Indians in Guyana and Trinidad, a numerical majority in both countries. They address issues of race and ethnicity but move beyond these familiar aspects to track such factors as ritual, gender, family, and daily life. Ramsaran and Lewis gauge not only an unrelenting process of assimilative creolization on these descendants of India, but also the resilience of this culture in the face of modernization and globalization.
| Author | : Dave Ramsaran |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 206 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Businessmen |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Viranjini Munasinghe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : East Indians |
| ISBN | : 9780801437045 |
Callaloo or Tossed Salad? is a historical and ethnographic case study of the politics of cultural struggle between two traditionally subordinate ancestral groups in Trinidad, those claiming African and Indian descent. Viranjini Munasinghe argues that East Indians in Trinidad seek to become a legitimate part of the nation by redefining what it means to be Trinidadian, not by changing what it means to be Indian. In her view, Indo-Trinidadians' recent and ongoing struggle for national and cultural identity builds from dissatisfaction with the place they were originally assigned within Trinidadian society. The author examines how Indo-Trinidadian leaders in Trinidad have come to challenge the implicit claim that their ethnic identity is antithetical to their national identity. Their political and cultural strategy seeks to change the national image of Trinidad by introducing Indian elements alongside those of the dominant Afro-Caribbean (Creole) culture.Munasinghe analyzes a number of broad theoretical issues: the moral, political, and cultural dimensions of identity; the relation between ethnicity and the nation; and the possible autonomy of New World nationalisms from European forms. She details how principles of exclusion continue to operate in nationalist projects that celebrate ancestral diversity and multiculturalism. Drawing on the insights of theorists who use creolization to understand the emergence of Afro-American cultures, Munasinghe argues that Indo-Trinidadians can be considered Creole because they, like Afro-Trinidadians, are creators and not just bearers of culture.
| Author | : Noor Kumar Mahabir |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 234 |
| Release | : 2009-01-01 |
| Genre | : East Indian diaspora |
| ISBN | : 9788183872249 |
Introduction: an overview of Indian Diaspora in the Caribbean / Kumar Mahabir -- 1. Involuntary globalization: how Britain revived indenture and made it largely brown and East Indian (Trinidad 1806-1921) / A. Neil SookDeo -- 2. From Hindu to Presbyndu: the acculturation of the Indian in the Caribbean / Brinsley Samaroo -- 3. Migration and shifting (communal) identifications: Munshi Rahman Khan (1874-1972) / Ellen Bal & Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff -- 4. Indo-Guyanese diaspora within the Caribbean: migration and identity / Lomarsh Roopnarine -- 5. Race retention and culture loss: South Asians / East Indians in St. Vincent / Kumar Mahabir -- 6. Values and beliefs of Indo-Guyanese: an assessment of the assimilation hypothesis / Preethy S. Samuel and Leon C. Wilson -- 7. "I found my East Indian beauty..." : locating the Indo Trinidadian woman in Trinidadian Soca music / Kai Abi Barratt -- 8. Racial stereotypes and Indian-African relations in Grenada, 1857-1960s / Ron Sookram -- 9. The impossibility of resistance: 1970s Guyana in Oonya Kempadoo's Buxton spice / Savena Budhu -- 10. Kala Pani coolitude? East Indian subjectivity in the Caribbean / Smita Tripathi -- 11. Mothers-hyphenated imaginations: the feasts of Soparee Ke Mai and La Divina Pastora in Trinidad / Teruyuki Tsuji -- 12. The representation of Indians in the education system of Trinidad and Tobago, 1845-1980 / Sherry-Ann Singh -- 13. Balram Singh Rai: Guyana's Indian social and political reformer / Baytoram Ramharack.
| Author | : Neena Verma |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This dissertation presents a socio-historical and contemporary case study of the East Indian community in Trinidad. It fulfils three objectives: (1) It examines the ways in which the current, Afro-defined 'national culture' of Trinidad is being challenged by the Indo-Trinidadians at the popular level. Here, it demonstrates the fluidity and dialectical nature of such seemingly 'fixed' concepts as national identity and national culture. A close examination of the post 1980s era shows that the intensive popular nationalism of the Indo-Trinidadians has resulted in an incursion of Indo-Trinidadian cultural elements in the official definition of the nation. Today, Trinidad's official national 'we-culture' of calypso, carnival and steelpan has been forced to include the uniquely Indo-Trinidadian elements, such as Indian Arrival Day, Divali, and Chutney. (2) It examines some of the contemporary boundary maintenance mechanisms employed by the Indo-Trinidadian leadership in their effort to sustain group distinctiveness in Trinidad's Creole society. It will demonstrate that the process of boundary maintenance in Trinidad's plural society, where the forces of assimilation are strong, and many, is a particularly problematic one for the Indo-Trinidadian community. Often, it is in these very processes of boundary maintenance that one sights the inherent contradiction of 'sameness' with the Creole 'other'. (3) It examines the current Hindu resurgence in Trinidad, and the ways in which it continues to fuel the larger Indo-Trinidadian ethnonational contestation for 'equal space'. The relationship between religion and nationalism as one of a dialectic interplay, is analyzed. I also argue that while organized Hinduism in Trinidad--with its full cultural force of rich symbolism, myths, and values--has tremendously boosted the larger ethnic struggle, it has also conversely harmed intra-group affiliations. The shift from a 'cultural' to a 'religious ethnonationalism' has meant the deliberate appropriation of all things "Indian" as "Hindu", and vice versa, resulting in deeper schisms between the Hindu, and the Christian and Muslim Indo-Trinidadian community.
| Author | : Noor Kumar Mahabir |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Literary Criticism |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Aisha Khan |
| Publisher | : Duke University Press |
| Total Pages | : 281 |
| Release | : 2004-10-11 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0822386097 |
Mixing—whether referred to as mestizaje, callaloo, hybridity, creolization, or multiculturalism—is a foundational cultural trope in Caribbean and Latin American societies. Historically entwined with colonial, anticolonial, and democratic ideologies, ideas about mixing are powerful forces in the ways identities are interpreted and evaluated. As Aisha Khan shows in this ethnography, they reveal the tension that exists between identity as a source of equality and identity as an instrument through which social and cultural hierarchies are reinforced. Focusing on the Indian diaspora in the Caribbean, Khan examines this paradox as it is expressed in key dimensions of Hindu and Muslim cultural history and social relationships in southern Trinidad. In vivid detail, she describes how disempowered communities create livable conditions for themselves while participating in a broader culture that both celebrates and denies difference. Khan combines ethnographic research she conducted in Trinidad over the course of a decade with extensive archival research to explore how Hindu and Muslim Indo-Trinidadians interpret authority, generational tensions, and the transformations of Indian culture in the Caribbean through metaphors of mixing. She demonstrates how ambivalence about the desirability of a callaloo nation—a multicultural society—is manifest around practices and issues, including rituals, labor, intermarriage, and class mobility. Khan maintains that metaphors of mixing are pervasive and worth paying attention to: the assumptions and concerns they communicate are key to unraveling who Indo-Trinidadians imagine themselves to be and how identities such as race and religion shape and are shaped by the politics of multiculturalism.
