Friendship In The Middle Ages And Early Modern Age
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Author | : Albrecht Classen |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
Total Pages | : 813 |
Release | : 2011-03-29 |
Genre | : Literary Criticism |
ISBN | : 3110253984 |
Although it seems that erotic love generally was the prevailing topic in the medieval world and the Early Modern Age, parallel to this the Ciceronian ideal of friendship also dominated the public discourse, as this collection of essays demonstrates. Following an extensive introduction, the individual contributions explore the functions and the character of friendship from Late Antiquity (Augustine) to the 17th century. They show the spectrum of variety in which this topic appeared ‐ not only in literature, but also in politics and even in painting.
Author | : Eva Österberg |
Publisher | : Central European University Press |
Total Pages | : 236 |
Release | : 2010-01-10 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 6155211795 |
Today, friendship, love and sexuality are mostly viewed as private, personal and informal relations. In the mediaeval and early modern period, just like in ancient times, this was different. The classical philosophy of friendship (Aristotle) included both friendship and love in the concept of philia. It was also linked to an argument about the virtues needed to become an excellent member of the city state. Thus, close relations were not only thought to be a matter of pleasant gatherings in privacy, but just as much a matter of ethics and politics.What, then, happened to the classical ideas of close relations when they were transmitted to philosophers, clerical and monastic thinkers, state officials or other people in the medieval and early modern period? To what extent did friendship transcend the distinctions between private and public that then existed? How were close relations shaped in practice? Did dialogues with close friends help to contribute to the process of subject-formation in the Renaissance and Enlightenment? To what degree did institutions of power or individual thinkers find it necessary to caution against friendship or love and sexuality?
Author | : Julian Haseldine |
Publisher | : Alan Sutton Publishing |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Civilization, Medieval |
ISBN | : 9780750917209 |
Friendship in the Middle Ages carried a meaning far removed from the modern concept of a development of personal sympathies between individuals. It was cultivated formally and implied obligations and bonds of mutual support. In a society where, for example, party politics did not exist, friendship had a clear role in the formation of social networks and political organization.
Author | : Albrecht Classen |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
Total Pages | : 932 |
Release | : 2012-05-29 |
Genre | : Literary Criticism |
ISBN | : 3110285428 |
Older research on the premodern world limited its focus on the Church, the court, and, more recently, on urban space. The present volume invites readers to consider the meaning of rural space, both in light of ecocritical readings and social-historical approaches. While previous scholars examined the figure of the peasant in the premodern world, the current volume combines a large number of specialized studies that investigate how the natural environment and the appearance of members of the rural population interacted with the world of the court and of the city. The experience in rural space was important already for writers and artists in the premodern era, as the large variety of scholarly approaches indicates. The present volume signals how much the surprisingly close interaction between members of the aristocratic and of the peasant class determined many literary and art-historical works. In a surprisingly large number of cases we can even discover elements of utopia hidden in rural space. We also observe how much the rural world was a significant element already in early-medieval mentality. Moreover, as many authors point out, the impact of natural forces on premodern society was tremendous, if not catastrophic.
Author | : Albrecht Classen |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Total Pages | : 642 |
Release | : 2022-08-22 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 3110776871 |
Die neue englischsprachige Reihe zur Mediävistik strebt eine methodisch reflektierte, anspruchsvolle Verbindung von Text- und Kulturwissenschaft an. Sie widmet sich den kulturellen Grundthemen der mittelalterlichen Welt aus der Perspektive der Literatur- und Geschichtswissenschaft. ‚Grundthemen' sind die kulturprägenden Denkbilder, Weltanschauungen, Sozialstrukturen und Alltagsbedingungen des mittelalterlichen Lebens, also z. B. Kindheit und Alter, Sexualität, Religion, Medizin, Rituale, Arbeit, Armut und Reichtum, Aberglauben, Erde und Kosmos, Stadt und Land, Krieg, Emotionen, Kommunikation, Reisen usw. Die Reihe greift wichtige aktuelle Fachdiskussionen auf und stellt ein Forum der interdisziplinären Mittelalter-Forschung dar. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture steht Sammelbänden ebenso offen wie Monographien. Intention ist immer, kompendienhafte Werke zu zentralen Fragen der mittelalterlichen Kulturgeschichte vorzulegen, die einen soliden Überblick über einen geschlossenen Themenkreis aus der Perspektive verschiedener Fachdisziplinen vermitteln. Im Ganzen bietet die Reihe so eine Enzyklopädie der mittelalterlichen Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte und ihrer Hauptthemen. Es werden ca. zwei Bände pro Jahr erscheinen.
Author | : Lars Hermanson |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2019-05-15 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9004401210 |
In this book Lars Hermanson discusses how religious beliefs and norms steered attitudes to friendship and love, and how these ways of thinking also affected people’s social identity and political action behaviour in medieval Northern Europe, c. 1000-1200.
Author | : Albrecht Classen |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Total Pages | : 724 |
Release | : 2018-10-22 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 3110610965 |
Research on medieval and early modern travel literature has made great progress, which now allows us to take the next step and to analyze the correlations between the individual and space throughout time, which contributed essentially to identity formation in many different settings. The contributors to this volume engage with a variety of pre-modern texts, images, and other documents related to travel and the individual's self-orientation in foreign lands and make an effort to determine the concept of identity within a spatial framework often determined by the meeting of various cultures. Moreover, objects, images and words can also travel and connect people from different worlds through books. The volume thus brings together new scholarship focused on the interrelationship of travel, space, time, and individuality, which also includes, of course, women's movement through the larger world, whether in concrete terms or through proxy travel via readings. Travel here is also examined with respect to craftsmen's activities at various sites, artists' employment for many different projects all over Europe and elsewhere, and in terms of metaphysical experiences (catabasis).
Author | : Paul Dingman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 245 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Chivalry in literature |
ISBN | : |
"Ideas of emotional male friendship constitute the subject of this study, specifically those ethical notions that supported the elite cultural system of chivalry in Western Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Chivalric traditions shaped nearly all aspects of the ruling classes in medieval/early modern times; however, concepts such as secular friendship in chivalry have received less attention than warranted, especially considering the lasting effects this mixed code of courtesy and violence continues to have in the West (and beyond). The approach of the study is to explore and interrogate imaginative literature of the period--epic poems, romances, troubadour songs, and drama--as the best primary sources to understand the inner workings of friendship in chivalric culture. Beowulf, The Song of Roland, The Prose Lancelot, Amis and Amiloun, Reis Glorios, Le Morte Darthur, Edward II, and The Merchant of Venice are some of the literary works discussed. More conventional sources such as chronicles, treatises, letters, and biographies supplement the study, some in print, others unpublished. The literary works suggest a moral purpose in friendship touching on the core identity of a virtuous knight, and this study explores the ways in which strong emotions among the elite men of knightly rank fused with a developing sense of ethics and status to create an aesthetic that fascinated contemporaries: chivalric friendship. Male-male desire and/or attraction are considered to be possible contributing factors among many others in this cultural phenomenon. Relationships between knights and ladies, including marriage, were a parallel and sometimes secondary concern. The presence of an emotional bond among warriors often signified elite chivalric status most clearly, i.e., having sufficient valor and virtue to attract fellow knights as acknowledged, loving comrades meant that a nobleman had attained the peak of chivalry. Linked together in this fierce loyalty, knights formed a community with its own rules and ethics, though customs varied and evolved along with the nobility itself into the early modern period and later periods. Literature provided contemporaries a means of discussing this dynamic system of friendship underpinning medieval society and provides historians with valuable insights into the honor-driven culture of chivalry"--Page iv-v.
Author | : Reginald Hyatte |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 254 |
Release | : 1994-02-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9004247017 |
The Arts of Friendship focusses on literary representations of three categories of ideal friendship — Christian, chivalric, and humanistic — and the writers' strategies of establishing the ethical authority of their contemporary friends and codes on a par with antiquity's amicitia perfecta. The study identifies the extent to which writers acknowledged women as perfect friends. The selected texts under examination include, among others, hagiographies, works of Bernard of Clairvaux and Aelred of Rievaulx, The Quest of the Holy Grail, Thomas' Tristan, the Prose Lancelot, Ami and Amile, the Decameron, and L.B. Alberti's Dell'amicizia. Literary comparatists and historians, ethical historians, and students of rhetoric will find of interest the comparative study of the rhetorical topos of perfect friendship, the varied ethical criteria inherent there, and the writers' strategies for representing and authorizing an idea.
Author | : Jón Viðar Sigurðsson |
Publisher | : Brepols Pub |
Total Pages | : 310 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9782503542485 |
Friendship, patron-client relationships, and social networks played a fundamental role in Scandinavian society from the Viking Age through to the Industrial Era. Personal ties were essential to Viking chieftains for building their power base, and such ties were equally crucial for early modern merchants, who used their personal bonds to create trade networks. Furthermore, social networks connected medieval men and women to the saints and to God. The articles in this book emphasize the strong correlation between political developments such as the emergence of the state and the evolution of friendships and social networks. They also highlight radical changes in the importance and contexts of friendship that occurred between the Viking Age and the late eighteenth century. During this period, friendships became far more than community-based social relationships, but rather tools for the elite in social positioning and wealth acquisition. This volume highlights the major significance of friendships and patron-client relationships to political and cultural life in medieval, early modern, and modern society. It covers social networks in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, each of which are characterized by different societal features, ranging from the free-state republic of early medieval Iceland to the early modern kingdom of Denmark.