Frederik II and the Protestant Cause

Frederik II and the Protestant Cause
Author: Paul Douglas Lockhart
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2004-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004137904

This study of Danish foreign policy in the late sixteenth century examines the efforts of Denmark's King Frederik II (1559-88) to create an international alliance of European Protestants as protection against advances of Counter-Reformation Catholicism.

Frederik II and the Protestant Cause

Frederik II and the Protestant Cause
Author: Paul Lockhart
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2004-04-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9047413199

This book considers the role played by Denmark’s King Frederik II (1559-88) in the international diplomacy of the 'age of religious wars'. As Europe’s leading Lutheran sovereign, Frederik commanded great influence; his conviction that an international Catholic 'conspiracy' threatened to destroy Protestantism led him to work towards the creation of a Protestant alliance that included both Calvinist and Lutheran states. Lockhart examines the role of religion in Frederik’s foreign policy, the motivations behind the king’s alliance-building projects, and the reasons behind the ultimate failure of Frederik’s policies. This volume will be of interest to students of early modern diplomacy, sixteenth-century Protestantism, and the Scandinavian monarchies in the early modern period.

Anglo-German Relations and the Protestant Cause

Anglo-German Relations and the Protestant Cause
Author: David S. Gehring
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2015-10-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 1317320190

Challenging accepted notions of Elizabethan foreign policy, Gehring argues that the Queen’s relationship with the Protestant Princes of the Holy Roman Empire was more of a success than has been previously thought. Based on extensive archival research, he contends that the enthusiastic and continual correspondence and diplomatic engagement between Elizabeth and these Protestant allies demonstrate a deeply held sympathy between the English Church and State and those of Germany and Denmark.

Lutheran Ecclesiastical Culture, 1550-1675

Lutheran Ecclesiastical Culture, 1550-1675
Author: Robert Kolb
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 543
Release: 2008-08-31
Genre: History
ISBN: 9047442164

Literature on confessionalization has opened new vistas for considering early-modern Christianity and its place in Western social-political contexts, but the ecclesiastical cultures of the period need further research and analysis to refine our focus on how Christians lived in their own communities and related to society at large. This volume’s essays assess eight elements of Lutheran life (its foundation in sixteenth-century processing of Luther’s legacy, university teaching, preaching, catechesis, devotional literature, popular piety, church and society, church and secular government) and two geographical areas (Nordic and Baltic lands, the kingdom of Hungary) to orient readers to current scholarly discussion and suggest further avenues for exploration and evaluation. Each offers perspectives on Lutherans’ attempts to practise their faith in the world. Contributors are: Kenneth Appold, Gerhard Bode, Susan Boettcher, Christopher Boyd Brown, Robert Christman, David Daniel, Irene Dingel, Robert von Friedeburg, Mary Jane Haemig, and Eric Lund.

Tracing the Jerusalem Code

Tracing the Jerusalem Code
Author: Eivor Andersen Oftestad
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 526
Release: 2021-04-19
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 3110639459

With the aim to write the history of Christianity in Scandinavia with Jerusalem as a lens, this book investigates the image – or rather the imagination – of Jerusalem in the religious, political, and artistic cultures of Scandinavia through most of the second millennium. Jerusalem is conceived as a code, in this volume focussing on Jerusalem's impact on Protestantism and Christianity in Early Modern Scandinavia. Tracing the Jerusalem Code in three volumes Volume 1: The Holy City Christian Cultures in Medieval Scandinavia (ca. 1100–1536) Volume 2: The Chosen People Christian Cultures in Early Modern Scandinavia (1536–ca. 1750) Volume 3: The Promised Land Christian Cultures in Modern Scandinavia (ca. 1750–ca. 1920)

Globalizing Fortune on the Early Modern Stage

Globalizing Fortune on the Early Modern Stage
Author: Jane Hwang Degenhardt
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2022-08-25
Genre: English drama
ISBN: 0198867921

How were understandings of chance, luck, and fortune affected by early capitalist developments such as the global expansion of English trade and colonial exploration? And how could the recognition that fortune wielded a powerful force in the world be squared with Protestant beliefs about theall-controlling hand of divine providence? Was everything pre-determined, or was there room for chance and human agency? Globalizing Fortune addresses these questions by demonstrating how English economic expansion and global transformation produced a new philosophy of fortune oriented arounddiscerning and optimizing unexpected opportunities. The popular theater played an influential role in dramatizing the new prospects and dangers opened up by nascent global economics and fostering a set of ethical practices for engaging with fortunes unpredictable turns. While largely derided as asinful, earthly distraction in the Boethian tradition of the Middle Ages, fortune made a comeback on the English Renaissance stage as a force associated with valiant risks, ennobling adventures, and purposeful action. The early modern stage also reveals how a new philosophy of fortune led toeconomic exploitation and racialized exclusions.Offering in-depth discussions of plays by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Heywood, Dekker, and others, Globalizing Fortune demonstrates how the history of the English commercial theaterlike that of English seaborne expansionwas also a history of fortune. The public theater not only shaped popularunderstandings of fortunes role in a culture undergoing economic transformation, but also addressed this transformation from a unique position because of its own implication in London commerce, its reliance on paying customers, and its vulnerability to the risks and contingencies of liveperformance. Drawing attention to an archive of plays dramatizing maritime travel, trade, and adventure, this book shows how the popular stage shaped evolving understandings of fortune by cultivating new viewing practices and mechanisms of theatrical wonder, as well as modeling proper ways of actingin the face of unknown outcomes and contingency. In short, Globalizing Fortune demonstrates how the public theater offered the first modern understanding of fortune as a globalizing commercial and ethical phenomenon.

Denmark, 1513-1660

Denmark, 1513-1660
Author: Paul Douglas Lockhart
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2007-08-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0199271216

Exploring the history of the kingdom of Denmark at the height of its power and influence in the 16th and 17th centuries, this text uncovers the factors that brought about its domination of northeastern Europe.